既有桥梁改造方案经济分析模型的构建

在确定既有桥梁各种改造方案的基础上,从工程经济的原理出发,在桥梁全寿命期内,考虑所有可能发生的费用,建立桥梁的全寿命周期费用模型(平均年费用模型),并且对加固、重建方案的平均年费用进行相互比较、分析。同时还基于平均年费用的分析模式,对桥梁的经济使用寿命进行了预测。     

基于GSM的列车临时调度命令无线传输试验系统

阐述一种基于GSM的列车临时调度命令无线传输试验系统的体系结构和工作原理,介绍了调度命令接收终端的硬件和软件设计方案,并对试验系统的运行测试数据进行了分析.该系统已经在原上海铁路分局DF11G机车上安装测试.     

旧水泥砼路面加铺沥青面层结构技术经济分析

文章结合某高速公路水泥混凝土路面大修情况,介绍不同路段采用不同的加铺沥青层设计方案,并就路面维修建设费用和使用寿命间的经济关系进行分析和研究,为同类维修项目提供参考。     

流域船闸群一体化调度系统设计与实践*

流域船闸群的联合调度因其影响因素多、过程复杂,一直采用人为调度和排档,没有形成一体化智能调度系统。通过对船闸调度影响因素和调度策略进行研究,将传统靠人为判断的多船闸调度决策抽象为时间上的时间表（timetable）问题和空间上的装箱（bin packing）问题的相互耦合问题,进而给出具体的调度算法流程。并以此为基础,设计信江流域的双港、八字嘴、界牌船闸三个梯级一体化调度方案,利用智能算法自动生成流域多船闸一体化计划。结果表明,本流域船闸群一体化调度系统在实践中取得良好的应用效果,可以有效提高调度智能化水平和通航效率。     

Modeling the impacts of alternative emission trading schemes on international shipping

Various market-based measures have been proposed to reduce CO₂ emissions from international shipping. One promising mechanism under consideration is the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS). This study analyzes and benchmarks the economic implications of two alternative ETS mechanisms, namely, an open ETS compared to a Maritime only ETS (METS). The analytical solutions and model calibration results allow us to quantify the impacts of alternative ETS schemes on the container shipping sector and the dry bulk shipping sector. It is found that an ETS, whether open or maritime only, will decrease shipping speed, carrier outputs and fuel consumption for both the container and dry bulk sectors, even in the presence of a “wind-fall” profit to shipping companies. Under an open ETS, the dry bulk sector will suffer from a higher proportional reduction in output than the container sector, and will thus sell more emission permits or purchase fewer permits. Under an METS, container carriers will buy emission permits from the dry bulk side. In addition, under an METS the degree of competition within one sector will have spill-over effects on the other sector. Specifically, when the sector that sells (buys) permits is more collusive (competitive), the equilibrium permit price will rise. This study provides a framework for identifying the moderating effects of market structure and competition between firms on emission reduction schemes, and emphasizes the importance of understanding the differential impacts of ETS schemes on individual sectors within an industry when considering alternative policies.     

Productivity change of the Spanish Port System: impact of the economic crisis

ABSTRACT

The main goal of this study was to assess the impact of the economic crisis on the productivity growth of the Spanish Port System (SPS). The Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) was estimated for the 28 Port Authorities of the SPS, for a ‘non-crisis period’ (2005–2008) and a ‘crisis period’ (2008–2011). From a policy perspective, the MPI is a very useful approach for assessing the productivity change because it can be decomposed into the catching-up index and the frontier productivity index. The results showed that the economic crisis did not impact all of the Spanish Port Authorities equally. Some Port Authorities presented higher productivity growth during the crisis period than in the non-crisis period. Further analysis by the Mann–Whitney test revealed that Port Authority investments and productivity growth were statistically related. Information provided by this study may be very useful for stakeholders and decision-makers, in terms of long-term strategic planning and improving the competitiveness of the SPS. The findings illustrate that the economic crisis should not be seen as an international tragedy, but as an opportunity to adapt port traffics and installations to new needs and market demands.     

客运专线运营调度系统软件架构探讨

在客运专线运营调度系统特性分析的基础上，提出该系统可采用MVC模式的J2EE软件构架，实现对客运专线列车运行的控制和管理。     

基于某车型动力性能匹配设计与驾驶性验收

随着现代汽车技术的飞速发展以及人们对于生活品质的需求提升,汽车动力性、经济性和舒适性成为了影响汽车市场成功的主要因素,其中汽车动力性又是汽车最基本、最重要的性能。这种匹配过程必须从两侧进行,但实际上,发动机的特性占据首要地位,变速器的特性必须适应发动机来实现匹配。对于特定的车辆,在初步确定汽车造型、总质量、轮胎规格以及性能目标后,为使汽车发挥最佳的动力性、经济性和舒适性,合理的匹配发动机和传动系统各参数显得尤为重要。在这种情况下,本文通过对标竞品车动力性性能、经济性能的客观测试和驾驶性的主观评价,初步确定某车型的开发目标;然后搭建仿真平台并基于该目标以及现有的整车参数、发动机特性进行正向计算得到某车型变速器各档位理论总速比;再结合现有资源确定3组可行的速比,并使用搭建的仿真平台进行动力性、经济性模拟计算,确定最优方案;最终实车搭载并完成基础标定后进行主客观测试。结果显示车辆性能优异,主客观评价均满足开发需求。在开发过程中借助计算机,仿真软件等高效工具,大大缩短了产品开发周期同时又保证了开发车型的动力性经济性能满足设计目标。     

经济潜力模型法量化高速公路对沿线经济的带动效益

从空间经济学中的经济潜力模型出发,探讨了高速公路对沿线及周边地区经济的带动效益问题。通过提出区域可接近性概念,并利用区域经济潜力模型量化分析了高速公路对沿线区域经济的影响,并结合实际案例(京沪高速公路河北境内青县至吴桥段高速公路)测算出了高速公路对沿线区域经济增长的贡献。研究结果表明:至2020年,青吴高速公路对沿线经济的带动效益达13亿左右。     

AGV调度控制系统在汽车总装车间的应用

将AGV调度控制系统应用在汽车总装车间中,不仅能快速响应各个环节的物料需求,减少配送时间,还能够确保各类物料的柔性化供应,提高生产效率。本文就AGV调度控制系统的应用功能和实现途径展开探讨。