Seaport research: A structured literature review on methodological issues since the 1980s

This study aims to investigate how seaport research has been conducted from the methodological perspective. To this end, this study reviews published port literature for the last three decades (1980-2000s). The investigation primarily categorises the literature according to various methodological issues such as research paradigm, research strategy, base-disciplines, research methods and analysis techniques in order to provide meaningful implications on methodological evolution in seaport research for the period. This study suggests methodological bias in port research to a positivistic paradigm, following a quantitative trajectory moving from conceptual to empirical studies. In addition, the increased use of mathematical modelling and advanced statistical analysis methods is clearly observed. The introduction of advanced analytical tools used in other academic disciplines facilitates discussions in particular research area and amplifies the literature in those areas. This paper also suggests research gaps from the methodological perspective and implications for future port research.     

基于核函数变换的NLPCC分析在洪水分类中的应用

通过拟线性化变换和降维去噪,得出多维分类指标的低维主成分值,然后通过对每一待分类样本的低维主成分值进行聚类分析,最终得出洪水的自然分类结果.洪水分类实例结果表明,该计算方法不需要复杂的计算机专业知识和优化算法知识,原理清楚,计算简单,结果客观有效,不失为一种洪水分类评价的新途径.选择适宜的非线性变换函数是正确应用该方法的关键,同时对于能够预先给出分类指标值且数值范围较小时,需要指标标准数值判定和聚类效果判定相结合.     

基于AHP-PCA的城市群公路网节点重要度分析

阐述公路网节点重要度的概念,提出运用层次分析法与主成分分析法的联合评价方法来确定节点重要度的新思路。并对长株潭"3+5"城市群的8个城市节点进行实证研究,综合分析结果,确定各节点在城市群公路网规划中的重要度。     

事故树分析法在城市轨道交通事故分析中的应用

从系统工程学的角度出发,将广泛应用于系统安全研究中的事故树分析方法应用到城市轨道交通事故分析中。分析城市轨道交通运营事故中脱轨这一典型事故。通过分析引起列车脱轨事故各个因素,得出城市轨道交通脱轨事故的发生概率较小,预防和控制难度较大的结论。该研究有助于城市轨道交通运营公司对引起该事故发生的各个因素提高警惕意识,也为运营安全管理工作提供理论依据。     

船舶驾驶员危险预测能力在人因可靠性评估中应用的设想

通过对复杂水域系统海事事故的特点及不同经验船舶驾驶员操船特点进行分析,结合熟练操作技能的特征,提出可采用船舶驾驶员的危险预测能力对船舶驾驶员的人因可靠性进行评价.     

刚性汽车的纵向极限稳定性分析

通过对刚性汽车进行受力分析,得到了刚性汽车发生纵翻的条件,并对汽车的纵向极限稳定性进行了分析,指出了提高汽车纵向稳定性的措施。     

The development of the TIGRIS XL model: A bottom-up approach to transport, land-use and the economy

The project appraisal method in the Netherlands distinguishes direct effects, indirect distribution effects and indirect generative effects. Transport models are generally available for calculating the benefits of transport projects to travellers as part of the direct effects. The TIGRIS XL model, a Land-Use and Transport Interaction model, adds indirect distribution effects for the housing and labour market, by modelling changes in the spatial distribution of jobs and residents. This paper describes the current TIGRIS XL model and how it can be applied in the evaluation of transport projects. It refers to work done with the TIGRIS XL model to improve the calculation of the direct benefits by applying the so-called ‘logsum’ method. Finally it discusses ideas on how to extend the TIGRIS XL model to address indirect generative effects as well.The current TIGRIS XL model, its integration with the National Model System (the standard tool for the Dutch government to analyse the effects on passenger transport) and basic design principles are the starting point of such an exploration. These design principles include:

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an emphasis on detail, both spatial as well as in socio-economic segments, to account for differences in the availability of choice alternatives and in choice behaviour, and to provide impacts by region and socio-economic group;

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the requirement that the relationships used rest on an empirical foundation.

The post-processing methods proposed on this paper for the calculation of the direct benefits and indirect generative effects are consistent with these design principles. To calculate the indirect generative effects, a post-processing module is proposed which transforms changes in travel times and land-use into agglomeration effects. These agglomeration effects combine several of the generative effects, like scale economies, an increasing variety of products, labour market matches and knowledge spill-over. The effects of changes in the agglomeration indicator on productivity can be estimated with existing data sources, as was demonstrated in the UK (Graham, 2005).     

故障树分析法在船舶主机系统故障诊断中的应用

根据故障树分析法原理,结合船舶柴油机出现的典型故障,构筑相应的故障树,从定性和定量两个方面进行分析。实践证明,故障树分析法能从故障现象着手快速判断、分析故障原因及其逻辑关系,对复杂故障的分析和故障点的定位具有较好适用性。     

寒冷地区沥青混合料弯拉特性分析

文章针对寒冷地区气侯的特殊性,运用沥青混合料弯曲试验方法,分析了温度、公称最大粒径、油石比、沥青种类等因素对寒冷地区沥青混合料弯拉特性的影响及作用规律。研究结果表明：混合料油石比在6.0%～7.0%范围内取值较适宜;SBR改性沥青混合料低温性能优势显著;多年冻土地区路面设计应该重视-10℃下沥青混合料的弯曲特性,提高沥青混合料的低温性能。     

城市道路交叉口竖向设计方法及实例分析

文章介绍了道路平面交叉口竖向设计的原则和一般形式,阐述了常用的交叉口竖向设计方法及适用性,并结合工程设计实例,对比分析了两套拟定交叉口竖向设计方案的优缺点,得出最优方案,为今后城市道路交叉口竖向设计提供参考。