仿生蛋形封头屈曲对比分析

封头作为耐压壳的重要组成部分,常用于密闭柱形、锥形结构的端部,它的质量直接关系到潜水器的安全性和结构完整性。对深海蝶形密封保护罩设计进行研究,对比分析了蛋形封头、蝶形封头以及球形封头在相同工况条件下,其强度和稳定性特性;从而得出仿生蛋形封头在实际工程应用中的实用性。结果表明,蛋形封头综合性能最优,是千米水深耐压封头设计的有效选择。     

车辆-行人法规实施的重要性研究

行人安全技术应用在汽车上可以降低汽车一行人碰撞中行人的伤害，因此，我国应该实施行人保护法规，促使汽车生产企业加速行人保护方面的研究。文章通过对道路交通事故中行人伤害所占的比例分析，说明了在我国开展行人保护研究的重要意义。阐述了在汽车与行人的碰撞过程中，汽车可能对行人造成伤害的主要部分，从而对改进汽车相关结构提出重要依据。力图从根本上提高汽车的被动安全性能，使我国的汽车工业向更加完善的方向发展，从而使我国的汽车技术和世界汽车技术接轨。     

Nonlinear analysis of parametric rolling in longitudinal and quartering seas with realistic modeling of roll-restoring moment

Parametric rolling of a containership in longitudinal and quartering seas is examined by applying nonlinear dynamics to a 1DOF mathematical model with realistic modeling of the wave effect on roll-restoring moment. In our previous work, we confirmed that a mathematical model with a roll-restoring moment in waves calculated with the Froude–Krylov assumption could considerably overestimate the danger of capsizing associated with parametric rolling. Therefore, in the present work, all numerical calculations based on nonlinear analysis were carried out with the direct aid of a measured roll-restoring moment in waves. For this purpose, captive model experiments were conducted for various sets of wavelengths in longitudinal seas. This experiment demonstrates that the Froude–Krylov prediction could not explain the wavelength effect on restoring moment as the wave-steepness effect. Using the numerical model with the aid of this measured roll-restoring moment, the Poincaré mapping technique was applied to identify bifurcation structures of roll motions not only in longitudinal seas, but also in quartering seas. As a result, it was confirmed that capsizing associated with parametric rolling is more likely to occur in following seas than in quartering seas. However, period-doubling and chaos appeared in quartering seas. Finally, an averaging method assuming a period-2 orbit was applied to the same model with the same conditions as the Poincaré map. Reasonably good agreement was obtained between the numerical results with a Poincaré map and those with the averaging method in longitudinal seas, but the averaging method has limited capability in quartering seas.     

轿车前照灯配光镜注塑工艺优化

轿车前照灯配光镜采用聚碳酸酯(PC)料制作。为克服在注塑中前照灯配光镜出现缺陷,对注塑中工艺进行了优化设置,从选材、设备及工艺参数设置等进行了分析,对烘料设备改进和3台模温机的应用提出了独特想法。产品注塑位置详细计算和成型过程得到较好的控制,解决了成型配光镜中出现的缺陷。经生产实践验证,工艺参数优化设置合理,能防止产品缺陷,保证质量可行,配光镜能得到用户的认同。     

行人头部伤害与头部碰撞试验方法的相关性分析

本文通过对行人交通事故数据的统计分析,讨论造成行人头部伤害的原因与规律,并对现行的头部模块碰撞试验方法与行人交通事故的相关性进行了分析与讨论。结果表明,碰撞前行人的运动状态对碰撞结果有显著影响,目前EEVC头部模块试验方法中规定的碰撞方向与实际行人碰撞事故中行人头部的碰撞方向存在较大差异;行人头部与风档玻璃、A柱区域以及地面发生碰撞的可能性均比较大,所以有必要通过进一步的试验研究,分析头部与这些区域发生碰撞的规律,并将其纳入头部模块的碰撞试验中。     

改进软横跨处接触悬挂非工作支悬吊方式的建议

对京广线2起接触网断线事故原因进行分析，指出我国目前广泛采用的软横跨处接触悬挂非工作支悬吊方式存在的安全隐患，结合哈大电气化铁路接触网设计提出了改进方案。     

玻璃钢顶盖在重卡驾驶室上的应用研究

文章对玻璃钢顶盖在重卡驾驶室上的国内外应用情况进行了分析,介绍了玻璃钢顶盖常见的两种结构形式,分析了玻璃钢顶盖的优劣势,为重卡企业在玻璃钢顶盖的选择上提供指导。     

Effects of head restraint and vehicle damage severity on neck injury risk

Domestic automobile insurance claims were investigated to correlate the driver neck injury risk with the safety rating of the head restraint, the severity of vehicle damage, and other human factors. The results of our statistical analysis reveal that the risk of neck injury for the driver is significantly different for vehicle size, use, driver gender, driver age, impact direction, accident location, and safety rating of head restraint, depending on vehicle the damage level which is assumed to imply impact severity during a rear-end crash accident. One of the unique findings from domestic insurance claims from low-speed rear-end crash accidents is the frequent reports of lower back injury together with whiplash. Thus, the risk of lower back discomfort is also included in this statistical analysis.     

轿车内部凸出物试验方法

为加强车内乘员保护,进一步改善和优化汽车仪表板及结构部件设计,文章通过分析汽车内部凸出物标准有关技术要求,探讨了相关试验方法,通过不同试验方法对比得出了试验设备与实际测量碰撞点空间位置重合法,能更好地模拟乘员在事故中的碰撞;该方法能更好地考核乘员在事故中受到的伤害,同时能更好地验证仪表板及其结构部件的质量。因此,建议试验机构或生产厂家应按照该方法进行汽车内部凸出物静态吸能试验。     

汽车与不同形式高速公路护栏碰撞的试验研究

汽车与高速公路护栏碰撞事故中,护栏不仅有拦截、导向作用,还要有良好的缓冲吸能特性,以减小由于乘坐空间过度变形以及人与车内物体二次碰撞对乘员的伤害。通过实车与两种不同形式护栏的碰撞试验,研究车辆、护栏碰撞中的动态响应,分析护栏、汽车和乘员的特性以及相互关系;护栏的不同结构形式与安装方式对乘员的安全性的影响,为高速公路护栏的设计、施工以及在不同地点的设置提供有益的借鉴。