弹性需求随机路网的可靠性

路网的可靠性分析是反映路网性能的重要手段,但现有的可靠性指标还不能充分反映路网的性能。基于净经济效益概念,提出一种新的可靠性指标以描述弹性需求随机路网的性能。新的可靠性指标定义为路网的净经济效益满足给定水平的概率,是一种能够反映路网综合性能的指标。针对路段通行能力分布的不同假设,给出分别基于MonteCarlo法和解析法的两种不同算法求解可靠性模型,并讨论了两种方法的特点和应用范围,同时用一个简单的例子进行了说明。     

湿陷性黄土暗穴的综合地球物理探测试验研究

文章是地球物理探测湿陷性黄土暗穴的系列试验成果,大量模拟计算和野外试验表明,电磁波和弹性波的两大类地球物理探测技术,是探测黄土暗穴的主流技术。而高密度电法和瞬变电磁法,则是成本低、效率高、准确率大的有效普查方法;多道瞬态面波技术、浅层地震勘探的组合技术,是实现黄土暗穴精细探测切实可行的实用技术;探地雷达在特定条件下才具备较高的精度。     

等效水深截断系统优化设计问题的新求解方法

考虑总系泊系统水平和垂直两个方向的恢复力以及具有代表性的单根系泊缆静力等特性进行等效水深截断系统优化设计,以替代全水深系统进行混合模型试验.在使用混合离散变量模拟退火方法时提出了一种"接力棒"寻优方式,若每棒寻优结束后变量到达上限或者下限时,须扩大上限或缩小下限.以工作水深为320m的10万吨内转塔式系泊FPSO作为研究对象,其截断水深为80m进行等效水深截断系统优化设计计算.数值试验结果表明,截断系统设计是成功和有效的.     

Experimental study on the wave-induced dynamic response and hydrodynamic characteristics of a submerged floating tunnel with elastically truncated boundary condition

Hydrodynamic load and motion response are the first considerations in the structural design of a submerged floating tunnel (SFT). Currently, most of the relevant studies have been based on a two-dimensional model test with a fixed or fully free boundary condition, which inhibits a deep investigation of the hydrodynamic characteristics with an elastic constraint. As a result, a series of difficulties exist in the structural design and analysis of an SFT. In this study, an SFT model with a one-degree-of-freedom vertical elastically truncated boundary condition was established to investigate the motion response and hydrodynamic characteristics of the tube under the wave action. The effect of several typical hydrodynamic parameters, such as the buoyancy-weight ratio, γ, the relative frequency, f/f_N, the Keulegan–Carpenter (KC) number, the reduced velocity, U_r, the Reynolds number, Re, and the generalized Ursell_s number, on the motion characteristics of the tube, were selectively analyzed, and the reverse feedback mechanism from the tube's motion response to the hydrodynamic loads was confirmed. Finally, the critical hydrodynamic parameters corresponding to the maximum motion response at different values of γ were obtained, and a formula for calculating the hydrodynamic load parameters of the SFT in the motion state was established. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (i) Under the wave action, the motion of the SFT shows an apparent nonlinearity, which is mainly caused by the intensive interaction between the tube and its surrounding water particles, as well as the nonlinearity of the wave. (ii) The relative displacement of the tube first increases and then decreases with increasing values of f/f_N, U_r, KC number, Re, and the generalized Ursell_s number. (iii) γ is inversely proportional to the maximum relative displacement of the tube and the wave force on the tube in its motion direction. (iv) Under the motion boundary condition (as opposed to the fixed boundary condition), the peak frequency of the wave force on the SFT in its motion direction decreases and approaches the natural vibration frequency of the tube, whereas the wave force perpendicular to the motion direction increases. When the incident wave frequency is close to the natural vibration frequency of the tube, the tube resonates easily, leading to an increased wave force in the motion direction. (v) If the velocity in the Morison equation is substituted by the water particle velocity measured when the tube is at its equilibrium position, the inertia coefficient in the motion direction of the tube is linearly related to its displacement, whereas that in the direction perpendicular to the motion direction is logarithmically related to its displacement.