水深截断系泊缆动力特性试验研究

采用Froude相似准则和常规缩尺比在现有试验水池很难对深水系泊缆进行完整模拟.一种可行的方法是对全水深系泊缆进行截断,设计静力和动力特性都与全水深系泊系统等效的水深截断系泊系统.但是如果深水平台的工作水深很大,或者是现有水池的工作水深很浅,就需要对全水深系泊缆进行较大的截断.文章对一工作在15OOm 水深的Cell-Tress Spar平台在现有4m水深的水池进行了模型试验.虽然采用了1:100的模型缩尺比,但是截断因子仍然较大.文中给出了6种水深截断系泊缆方案,主要参数均各不相同.通过单缆模型试验对水深截断系泊缆的动力特性进行了研究,并采用其中2种水深截断系泊缆进行了不规则波模型试验.结果表明,增大直径和单位长度空气中重量可以有效增加水深截断系泊缆的动力响应,合理控制轴向刚度可以保证在整个位移范围内的动力响应变化趋势.因此认为,如果合理地选择了水深截断系泊缆的所有参数,较好模拟全水深系泊缆的动力响应是可能的.     

FPSO单点系泊系统动力截断优化设计

浮体系泊系统在海洋工程水池进行模型试验时,由于水池尺度有限,首先对系泊线进行等效截断设计,是被动式混合模型试验的重要一步。截断设计时,基于细长杆理论,模拟系泊线的非线性动力特性,将计算所得时域内的系泊力转换到频域响应,选择有代表性的频率及响应建立目标函数,结合NSGA II优化算法,确定最优截断系泊参数,计算快速准确。针对一作业水深420m的FPSO单点系泊系统,进行水平截断设计。截断前后系泊系统和单根系泊线的静力特性吻合很好。截断系泊系统在不同环境载荷作用下的总体响应和系泊动力,都与截断前一致。证明了截断设计的合理性和准确性,为后续的模型试验工作打下了基础。     

弹性连续梁法在桥梁结构分析中的应用

指出了既有的桥梁设计理论在成桥理论分析时的缺点,提出了用弹性连续梁模拟实桥进行荷载横向分配的观点.给出了分析思路、计算模型,列举了部分桥梁在检测中的实测值与理论分析数据对比,证明了本文理论的正确性.     

双体飞轮-周向弹簧型扭振减振器弹性特性设计研究

基于某轿车动力传动系扭振特性计算,分析了双体飞轮周向弹簧(DMF-CS)型扭振减振器弹性特性对系统扭振特性的影响,据此探讨了该类减振器弹性特性的设计原则;建立了其弹性特性的解析表达式,并就弧形螺旋弹簧设计进行了讨论;总结了弹性机构结构设计要点,包括弹性元件布置方案的确定、弧形螺旋弹簧磨损问题的解决措施等。     

地下隧洞工程弹性反演唯一性的探讨

对于地下隧洞工程,依据完备的量测信息开展弹性反分析,可望唯一反演确定岩土力学参数.文章利用平面弹性复变方法和一般弹性理论推导出任意形状隧洞的位移、应力解析表达式;基于隧洞围岩位移、应力解析解,依据参数可辨识条件探讨了地下隧洞工程弹性反演参数的唯一性,并通过算例进行了验证.研究表明,依据完备的量测信息开展弹性反分析,只要测点布置方式适当,反演参数满足相应的限定条件,五个参数(σv、σh、τ、E、μ)和同时反演具有唯一性.参数反演唯一性对参数的限制条件及对测点布置方式的要求受隧洞形状复杂性的影响,随着隧洞复杂性的提高对参数的限制条件大为减少,对测点布置方式的要求也会降低.算例结果表明,结论是正确的.     

不等长群桩基础设计计算方法分析

文章阐述了桩长差异带来的问题,提出了不等长群桩基础内力和位移计算方法及计算公式,并结合某高速公路上的一座特大桥工程实例,对文章推导的计算方法进行验证,结果表明该计算方法是可行的。     

南京四桥高弹改性沥青混凝土配合比设计研究

高弹改性沥青混凝土因其优良性能而较多的应用于钢桥面复合浇注铺装的上层,本文基于日本高弹改性沥青混凝土的配合比设计方法,结合南京第四长江大桥钢桥面铺装麒麟互通钢箱梁匝道桥试验段实际工程,确定了适合于南京四桥钢桥面铺装的高弹改性沥青混合料的配比,并对其性能进行了试验检测。     

A maximum entropy-least squares estimator for elastic origin-destination trip matrix estimation

In transportation subnetwork-supernetwork analysis, it is well known that the origin-destination (O-D) flow table of a subnetwork is not only determined by trip generation and distribution, but also a result from traffic routing and diversion, due to the existence of internal-external, external-internal and external-external flows. This result indicates the variable nature of subnetwork O-D flows. This paper discusses an elastic O-D flow table estimation problem for subnetwork analysis. The underlying assumption is that each cell of the subnetwork O-D flow table contains an elastic demand function rather than a fixed demand rate and the demand function can capture all traffic diversion effect under various network changes. We propose a combined maximum entropy-least squares estimator, by which O-D flows are distributed over the subnetwork in terms of the maximum entropy principle, while demand function parameters are estimated for achieving the least sum of squared estimation errors. While the estimator is powered by the classic convex combination algorithm, computational difficulties emerge within the algorithm implementation until we incorporate partial optimality conditions and a column generation procedure into the algorithmic framework. Numerical results from applying the combined estimator to a couple of subnetwork examples show that an elastic O-D flow table, when used as input for subnetwork flow evaluations, reflects network flow changes significantly better than its fixed counterpart.     

饱和对水泥改良土抗压强度与弹性波速及其相关性的影响

用固结不排水三轴剪切试验方法和透射法,分别测定改良土的抗压强度和弹性波速,从而研究饱和对水泥改良土抗压强度、弹性波速的影响以及两者的相关性。结果表明,水泥改良土含水量的变化对其强度、弹性波速的影响较大。试样饱和后,2种水泥改良土的抗压强度和剪切波速大约分别降低30%和20%左右,而压缩波速却明显增大。不同养护龄期、不同灰土配比条件下,饱和前后抗压强度与剪切波速具有一致的变化趋势,它们之间存在良好的相关性,其相关系数大于0.95;由于饱和导致改良土的压缩波速增加,不能反映其强度的弱化,因此,剪切波速是评价水泥改良土强度特性变化的重要指标。     

Wave responses of a coastal cargo ship consisting of unit modules

This article discusses the dynamic responses of a coastal cargo ship that consists of unit modules with advance forward speed in waves. We introduce a simple way of connecting the modules that has enough capability to link the modular parts of the ship as a unified whole. The flexible connection consists of male and female rubber fenders with additional pretensioned ropes. This kind of connection system is proposed for use in coastal regions with relatively calm waters wherein the modular ship can move at a moderate speed. The modules are assumed to be rigid compared to the connections. Computations were performed to investigate the vertical elastic responses of four modules connected end-to-end with the assumption that in the simple hinge, no gaps occur in the flexible rubber connections between adjacent modules. A simple method, which is an extension of the computational analysis we reported previously, is presented to study the hydroelasticity and rope tension forces of the modular ship with forward speed in waves. Experiments with a three-dimensional model at Froude numbers of 0 and 0.16 in head waves were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the calculation method. In the experiments, deflections for each part were measured using calibrated potentiometers. Force transducers were used to measure the rope tension force between the modules of the articulated cargo ship. Some slight differences were observed, but generally the calculated results showed the same trends as the experimental values.