合资铁路重组背景下省级铁路平台可持续发展对策

在铁路行业高度垄断,铁路运营普遍效益欠佳和地方政府财力有限的现实环境下,特别是国铁集团近年来大力推行“一省一公司”合资铁路重组整合的改革,对省级铁路平台的发展带来了新的巨大的问题挑战,本文结合当前在全国大力推行的合资铁路重组改革的背景,分析了省级铁路平台在改革中将面临的重大问题,包括既有投融资能力难以支撑大规模规划项目建设、已建铁路运营大规模亏损、铁路行业建设运营高度垄断严重以及铁路土地综合开发进展迟缓等一系列问题,并针对以上问题提出相关的对策建议。     

Assessment of energy-saving techniques in direct-current-electrified mass transit systems

Railway rapid transit systems are key stones for the sustainability of mass transit in developed countries. The overwhelming majority of these railway systems are direct-current (DC) electrified and several energy-saving techniques have been proposed in the literature for these systems. The use of regenerative-braking in trains is generally recognised as the main tool to improve the efficiency of DC-electrified mass transit railway systems but the energy recovered in braking cannot always be handled efficiently, above all in low traffic-density situations. Several emerging technologies as energy storage systems or reversible traction substations have the potential for making it possible to efficiently use train-braking. However, a systematic evaluation of their effect is missing in the literature.In this paper, a deep, rigorous and comprehensive study on the factors which affect energy issues in a DC-electrified mass transit railway system is carried out. This study clarifies what the actual potential is for energy saving in each situation. Then, a methodology to asses several energy-saving techniques to improve energy efficiency in DC-electrified mass transit systems is presented, constituting the main contribution of this paper. This methodology has been conceived to help operators in assessing the effect of railway-infrastructure emerging technologies in transit systems, so making it possible to shape planning, capacity, etc. It is stepped out in three basic movements. First of all, a traffic-density scan analysis is conducted in order to clarify the effect of the headway on system behaviour. Secondly, several traffic-density scenarios are simulated for a set of infrastructure-expanded cases. Finally, annual energy saving is evaluated by applying a realistic operation timetable. This methodology has been applied to a case study in Madrid Metro (Spain) to illustrate the steps of its application and the effect of several energy-saving techniques on this specific system. Results confirm that regenerative braking generally leads to an important increase of system energy efficiency – especially at high traffic-density scenarios. It has also been proved that infrastructure improvements can also contribute to energy savings and their contributions are more significant at low traffic densities. Annual energy results have been obtained, which may lead to investment decisions by carrying out an appropriate economic assessment based on cost analysis.The main results of the study presented here are likely to apply to other electric traction systems, at least qualitatively.     

列车提速后《铁路技术管理规程》发展演变特征研究

《铁路技术管理规程》是我国铁路的基本规章,研究不同版本的演变特征对其管理及不断修订完善具有重要意义。通过对铁路列车提速以来近三版《铁路技术管理规程》修订背景回顾与发展历程分析,基于文本相似度算法,构建了不同版本间的条款关联关系并量化分析了相邻版本及各个章节条款关联强度。运用政策文献计量法,逐版逐条研究其修订类型并从版本与章节两个维度分别量化分析了条款修订类型分布特征。在此基础上,总结提出了《铁路技术管理规程》演变发展特征与趋势。该研究对《铁路技术管理规程》的科学管理及今后动态修订完善具有重要支撑作用。     

CDUBGM-Markov模型在铁路客运量预测中的应用

文章在传统的灰色模型和马尔柯夫模型的基础上,提出了动态无偏灰色马尔柯夫模型,阐述了该模型的建立方法,并采用这三种模型对我国铁路客运量进行了预测,对比结果表明动态无偏灰色马尔柯夫模型的拟合效果较好,预测精度较高,是一种行之有效的预测方法。     

挤压性地层中隧道围岩变形控制

从穿越瑞士列奇堡隧道的挤压变形性极强的碳质页岩带的经验中,可以得出下述结论：圆形含承压单元的支护截面,其收敛变形性总趋势要比马蹄形不含承压单元的支护截面小；圆形支护截面与马蹄形支护截面的变形性没有本质的区别；由于山体构造的不均一性,导致开挖断面的不规则变形,这是使承压单元过早脱落的原因。     

拉之洞隧道溶洞涌泥处理施工技术

拉之洞隧道是黔桂铁路扩能工程QG3标段新建重点工程项目之一,全长2 240 m,分别从进、出口同时掘进。2005年7月1日,当隧道从出口端掘进至DK174 610掌子面时,突然发生罕见的溶洞涌泥事故。在此次自然灾害处理中,进行了综合超前地质预报,采用炮震引泥、机械清泥综合处理措施清除了涌出的填充体;制作了钢结构防护台车(并兼做模板台车),浇筑了混凝土护拱,加强了防护设施的安全性和初期支护的强度及整体性。由于采用了一系列有效措施,隧道于12月10日安全通过了大型溶洞。文章介绍了拉之洞隧道溶洞涌泥概况及处理措施。     

Analyzing the theoretical capacity of railway networks with a radial-backbone topology

In this work we propose a mechanism to optimize the capacity of the main corridor within a railway network with a radial-backbone or X-tree structure. The radial-backbone (or X-tree) structure is composed of two types of lines: the primary lines that travel exclusively on the common backbone (main corridor) and radial lines which, starting from the common backbone, branch out to individual locations. We define possible line configurations as binary strings and propose operators on them for their analysis, yielding an effective algorithm for generating an optimal design and train frequencies. We test our algorithm on real data for the high speed line Madrid–Seville. A frequency plan consistent with the optimal capacity is then proposed in order to eliminate the number of transfers between lines as well as to minimize the network fleet size, determining the minimum number of vehicles needed to serve all travel demand at maximum occupancy.     

Marginal railway track renewal costs: A survival data approach

In this paper, renewal costs for railway tracks are investigated using survival analysis. The purpose is to derive the effect from increased traffic volumes on rail renewal cycle lengths and to calculate associated marginal costs. A flow sample of censored data containing almost 1300 observations on the Swedish main railway network is used. We specify Weibull regression models, and estimate deterioration elasticities for total tonnage as well as for passenger and freight tonnages separately. Marginal costs are calculated as a change in present values of renewal costs from premature renewal following increased traffic volumes. The marginal cost for total tonnage is estimated to approximately SEK 0.002 per gross ton kilometre.     

Railway wheel-flat detection and measurement by ultrasound

This work presents an innovative ultrasound technique designed to detect and quantify flats formed in the rolling surface of railway wheels. Differently from other approaches, ultrasonic pulses (Rayleigh waves) are sent over a measuring rail. The variations in the round-trip time of flight (RTOF) of the ultrasound pulse to the rail-wheel contact point allow detecting and quantifying the wheel-flats. In spite of the wear state of the irregularity, the method provides the loss of material and the length of the flat originally formed by abrasion. A theoretical background supports the technique which offers many advantages for railway maintenance. Simulations and experimental results match the expected ones.     

Study on the derailment behaviour of a railway wheelset with solid axles in a railway turnout

ABSTRACT

Dynamic wheel–rail interaction in railway turnouts is more complicated than on ordinary track. In order to evaluate the derailment behaviour of railway wheelsets in railway turnouts, this paper presents a study of dynamic wheel–rail interaction during a wheel flange climbs on the turnout rails, by applying the elasticity positioning wheelset model. A numerical model is established based on a coupled finite element method and multi-body dynamics, and applied to study the derailment behaviour of a railway wheelset in both the facing and trailing directions in a railway turnout, as well as dynamic wheel–turnout rail interaction during the wheel flange climbing on the turnout rails. The influence of the wheel–rail attack angle and the friction coefficient on the dynamic derailment behaviour is investigated through the proposed model. The results show that the derailment safety for a wheelset passing the railway turnout in facing direction is significantly lower than that for the trailing direction and the ordinary track. The possibility of derailment for the wheelset passing the railway turnout in facing and trailing directions at positive wheel–rail attack angles will increase with an increase in the attack angles, and the possibility of derailment can be reduced by decreasing the friction coefficient.