船长文献——远洋船进入美国水域操作指南(一)

系统而详尽地介绍了美国海岸警备队(USCG)对船舶检查的特点,以及船舶为适应USCG要求而应该采取的对策。     

船舶污底与处理措施

分析了船舶污底产生的原因及其对主机、航速的影响。结合具体实例提出了预防船舶污底及污底后所应采取的措施。     

生活饮用水污染的流行病学调查分析

目的对生活饮用水污染进行流行病学调查分析。方法用流行病学的调查分析确立生活饮用水污染的三间分布,水质检验和发病人员的实验室检验寻找致病菌。结果根据三间分布、水质检验和实验室检验,得出致病菌为大肠艾希氏菌（O44∶K74）。结论本次生活饮用水污染引起感染性腹泻暴发流行事故,是由于粪便污染所致。     

GESAMP危险化学品评估方法及应用

文中介绍了海洋环境保护科学联合专家组（GESAMP）和散装危险化学品的分级方法,详细阐述了分级体系中危险化学品对水生环境、人体健康和用海活动的影响等级的判定原则和依据,并介绍了评估结果在国际海运规则制定过程中的应用,以期为我国开展相关工作和研究提供参考.     

船舶压载水处理设备的研制现状与认证

控制压载水对海洋水域环境污染的核心措施之一是在船上增添压载水处理设备,单独或组合运用机械、物理、化学以及生物学过程,对压载水及沉淀物内的有害水生生物以及病原体进行去除、灭杀、无害化.文章通过典型实例介绍了目前国内外对船舶压载水的处理方法、压载水处理设备以及最新认证情况.     

Tradable emission permit system for urban motorists: The neo-classical standard model revisited

This article deals with the feasibility of a tradable emission permit system (TEPs) for urban motorists. The objective is to develop a new microeconomic theoretical model to reduce urban pollution. We suppose that the city's regulating authority sets up a tradable emission permit system based on the number of kilometres covered by private cars. By the use of a Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) function, we determine the equilibrium under an environmental constraint and analyse the effects of a TEPs on social welfare. The aim is to find the optimal quantity of permits leading to the desired environmental objective. The analytical and numerical results of the model show the instrument's feasibility and efficiency. An important variable in the model must be taken into account: the knowledge of environmental damage. This variable will clearly influence the tool's success.     

无谐波异步电动机软启动器的设计

文章介绍了一种以AT89C51单片机为主控核心器件,运用双向可控硅过零触发的PWM技术,实现异步电动机电源的调压控制的软起动器,它既可达到软起动器控制电动机起动电流的目的,又克服了一般软起动器易产生谐波污染的缺陷,有一定的实用推广价值。     

京张高铁大直径泥水盾构施工泥浆环保处理措施研究

在城市建筑物密集区,采用泥水盾构进行隧道施工往往面临泥浆无处排放的难题。以新建京张高铁清华园隧道为背景,通过对地质状况的分析和研究,采用了泥浆环保综合处理的方法:(1)以泥水分离设备为核心,对泥浆进行总体处理;(2)处理后合格的泥浆通过制、调浆系统的补充和调整进行再利用;(3)处理后不合格的弃浆则通过压滤设备、离心设备和化学药品进行环保处理;(4)对泥浆处理设备进行噪声控制。研究表明,通过上述措施,实现了废弃泥浆的无污染处理,使盾构施工对于环境的影响降低到最小程度。     

国内船舶造修企业的VOCs排放现状及治理措施

船舶造修过程中的预处理及涂装工艺,会产生并排放大量的可挥发性有机化合物(VOCs),严重污染大气环境,危害人体健康。通过对国内相关船舶造修企业的走访和调查,梳理了船舶造修过程中产生VOCs的工艺环节,近年来因VOCs排放超标受到环保职能部门处罚的案例,以及当前企业的涂料用量和VOCs的排放现状。同时,汇总了船舶造修企业常见的VOCs净化处理技术及其适用的情况,并介绍了实际进行VOCs治理的案例。对比国内外先进船舶建造行业,并基于我国船舶造修企业的实际情况和VOCs法规的排放要求,提出若干工艺优化的建议和举措,旨在减少排放且降低成本。     

Environmental lumping for efficient fatigue assessment of large-diameter monopile wind turbines

Fatigue damage is one of the governing factors for the design of offshore wind turbines. However, the full fatigue assessment is a time-consuming task. During the design process, the site-specific environmental parameters are usually condensed by a lumping process to reduce the computational effort. Preservation of fatigue damage during lumping requires an accurate consideration of the met-ocean climate and the dynamic response of the structure. Two lumping methods (time-domain and frequency-domain) have been evaluated for a monopile-based 10 MW offshore wind turbine, both based on damage-equivalent contour lines. Fatigue damage from lumped load cases was compared to full long-term fatigue assessment. The lumping methods had an accuracy of 94–98% for the total long-term fatigue damage and 90% for individual wind speed classes, for aligned wind and waves. Fatigue damage was preserved with the same accuracy levels for the whole support structure. A significant reduction of computational time (93%) was achieved compared to a full long-term fatigue assessment. For the cases with 30° and 60° wind-wave misalignment, there was a mean underestimation of approximately 10%. Variations in penetration depth did not affect the selection of the lumped sea-state parameters. This work presents a straightforward method for the selection of damage-equivalent lumped load cases, which can adequately preserve long-term fatigue damage throughout the support structure, providing considerable reduction of computational effort.