c-SPSA: Cluster-wise simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation algorithm and its application to dynamic origin–destination matrix estimation

The simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA) algorithm has been used in the literature for the solution of the dynamic origin–destination (OD) estimation problem. Its main advantage is that it allows quite general formulations of the problem that can include a wide range of sensor measurements. While SPSA is relatively simple to implement, its performance depends on a set of parameters that need to be properly determined. As a result, especially in cases where the gradient of the objective function changes quickly, SPSA may not be as stable and even diverge. A modification of the SPSA algorithm, referred to as c-SPSA, is proposed which applies the simultaneous perturbation approximation of the gradient within a small number of carefully constructed “homogeneous” clusters one at a time, as opposed to all elements at once. The paper establishes the theoretical properties of the new algorithm with an upper bound for the bias of the gradient estimate and shows that it is lower than the corresponding SPSA bias. It also proposes a systematic approach, based on the k-means algorithm, to identify appropriate clusters. The performance of c-SPSA, with alternative implementation strategies, is evaluated in the context of estimating OD flows in an actual urban network. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed c-SPSA algorithm in finding better OD estimates and achieve faster convergence and more robust performance compared to SPSA with fewer overall number of function evaluations.     

BOUNDARY ELEMENT-COMPLIANCE MATRIX METHOD FOR 3D ELASTIC FRICTIONAL CONTACT ANALYSIS

IntroductionContact with friction is a common phe-nomenon in engineering,such as gear drive andfriction drive etc.It is difficulty to analyze contactproblems because of friction,existing very com-plex nonlinear become of a large number of unilat-eral friction contact surfaces,on which the contactfluctuates. Thus the analysis of frictional contactbehavior is regarded as one of the most challengeproblem in solid mechanics field.Many experts devoted in studying the friction-al contact problem[1～…     

CB和MMP-9在上皮性卵巢肿瘤中的表达及相关性研究

目的检测组织蛋白酶B(cathepsin B,CB)与基质金属蛋白酶9(matrix metalloproteinase-9,MMP-9)在人类上皮性卵巢肿瘤中的表达,探讨两者与卵巢癌细胞的分化增殖、侵袭转移的关系。方法采用链霉素亲和生物素-过氧化物酶法(SP)进行免疫组织化学染色,用CB抗体、MMP-9抗体标记上皮性卵巢肿瘤组织标本,综合染色强度和阳性细胞占总体细胞数的百分比进行染色判定,结合有关病理特征进行分析。结果经统计学分析,CB、MMP-9在上皮性卵巢癌中的表达与年龄、病理类型无相关性(P>0.05),而与卵巢癌的临床分期、有无转移及腹水呈正相关(P<0.05);CB与卵巢癌的组织学分级呈正相关(P<0.05);上皮性卵巢癌中CB和MMP-9表达呈正相关(r=0.652,P<0.05)。结论CB、MMP-9与卵巢癌的恶性生物学行为密切相关,两者在其侵袭转移过程中发挥了重要的协同作用。     

计算机辅助诊断心脏病临床应用研究

应用计算机辅助诊断心脏病:房间隔缺损、室间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭、二尖瓣狭窄4种,共350例.本诊断方法,以此4种心脏病概率评分矩阵为依据,矩阵的归纳以贝叶斯定理(BAYE'S THEOREM)为基础。研究资料来源于临床术后病例。通过设计和程序的实践,证明此诊断符合率高于术前,其正确率达100%.为诊断心脏病,提供重要手段,可推广应用.     

基于样本阵列的沥青路面使用性能预测模型研究

开展路面使用性能预测研究对于公路养护决策具有重要的意义.文章针对江苏省高速公路路面使用性能主要影响因素,构建了样本预测阵列,据此采用双参数模型建立了路面使用性能预测模型,并基于自适应跟踪法对双参数模型进行修正.工程实例表明,预测模型用于江苏省高速公路路面性能预测具有较高的精度.     

一类神经网络的全局稳定性分析

研究一类Hopfield型神经网络的平衡点的存在性，唯一性和全局稳定性，在放弃神经网络激活函数的有界性，单调递增性和可微性条件下，得到了神经网络平衡点的存在性和唯一性条件；利用M矩阵理论，通过构造适当的Liapunov函数，得到神经网络全局稳定性条件，这些条件适用于神经网络中关联矩阵为对称或非对称，激活函数为非单调的情况。     

点焊电极用铜基复合材料的研究现状

概述了电阻点焊过程中点焊电极的失效原因及铜基复合材料点焊电极的研究进展.重点介绍了点焊电极用弥散强化铜基复合材料、碳/铜复合材料和钨/铜复合材料的制备工艺和强化原理.并分析了目前点焊电极用铜基复合材料存在的一些问题.     

醛固酮对实验大鼠肝纤维化形成的影响

目的　探讨醛固酮 (ALD)的致肝纤维化作用。方法　SD大鼠 90只 ,随机分成 3组。正常对照组 (8只 ) :正常饮食饮水 ,皮下注射花生油 ;模型组 (42只 ) :复合因素制成肝硬化模型 ;螺内酯干预组 (40只 ) :造模方法同模型组 ,螺内酯每天 10 0mg·kg-1灌胃。分别于第 2、4、6、8周末随机处死 8只大鼠 ,眼球采血并取肝右叶组织测定血清和肝组织ALD水平及胶原面密度。结果　大鼠血浆及肝组织ALD水平在模型组随肝纤维化加重同步升高 ,在螺内酯干预组较同期模型组明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,但肝内胶原面密度明显减少 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　ALD对大鼠肝纤维化形成起促进作用 ,螺内酯可能通过拮抗ALD受体对肝纤维化有一定预防作用     

重型卡车主动悬置驾驶室舒适性仿真研究

为了满足长途运输时重型卡车行驶的平顺性要求,利用基于线性矩阵不等式(LMI)的H2控制算法对驾驶室安装了主动悬置的六自由度1/2重型卡车模型进行振动控制,所采用的路面激励为积分白噪声随机路面激励.大量的仿真结果显示,主动控制悬置系统明显降低了驾驶室的俯仰角加速度和俯仰角,采用主动控制悬置系统可有效地改善卡车行驶平顺性和乘坐舒适性.     

Improved Fuzzification Method for Multi-Objective Decision-Making and Its Application in Evaluation of Highway Planning

IntroductionFuzzysettheoryhasbeenstudiedextensivelyoverthepast 30 years,andhasfoundsuccessfulapplicationsandimplementationsinvariousareas .Mostoftheearlyinterestsinfuzzysettheorywerefocusedonrepresentingtheuncertaintyinhumancognitiveprocesses.Nowfuzzysett…