扭曲载荷对160km/h货车转向架构架焊缝的疲劳损伤影响

依据UIC510-3规定的动态疲劳试验载荷和IIW提供的焊接接头疲劳强度S-N曲线,基于结构有限元分析技术和Palmgren-Miner线性累积损伤准则,对160 km/h货车转向架焊接构架侧梁主结构焊缝接头的疲劳损伤进行数值仿真计算。着重研究有无扭曲载荷作用下,各疲劳关注部位累积损伤的变化程度和规律。仿真结果及综合分析表明:扭曲载荷作用导致的损伤增幅在累积损伤较高部位最大仅约为6%,其对构架主结构的疲劳损伤影响极为有限。因此考虑到疲劳试验设备的加载能力,对160 km/h货车转向架焊接构架及摇枕进行动态疲劳试验时可不必施加线路扭曲载荷。     

刚性路面动态应变响应的变换域分析

为了研究移动常载荷与谐波载荷作用下刚性路面的动态应变响应,把路面视为弹性地基上的无限大薄板,利用三维Fourier变换在时间与空间变换域内建立移动载荷的公式,分析了粘滞阻尼、车速、载荷大小对应变响应的影响。采用5个混凝土埋入式应变传感器,建立实验环境,进行路面应变响应测量,并对测量结果和仿真结果进行了比较。比较结果表明:车速与阻尼对上述两种载荷作用下板的应变响应影响较大,移动谐波载荷作用下刚性路面动态应变比常载荷产生的应变响应要大,移动谐波载荷作用下的响应稍大于实测结果。     

铁路路基动态特性的模型试验研究

本文分析了列车荷载作用下路基的特点，通过１：１的室内模型试验研究了路基的动应力、永久变形、弹性变形和加速度随列车苛功的重复作用次数、轴重及运行速度的变化规律，同时提出了改善路基的动态特性的一些措施。     

分布式虚拟环境中分级兴趣管理研究

分布式虚拟环境中，分级兴趣管理技术虽能进一步减少负载，但却会增加数据的发送量。为此，提出了一种分级兴趣管理的网络通信方法，当需要同时对高、低兴趣实体集发布数据时，该方法只需从整个兴趣实体集所对应的多播地址发布一个数据包即可。仿真结果表明，与传统分级兴趣管理技术相比，它可以减少数据的发送量,且实现非常简单。     

连续测量轮轨力的测力轮对技术

本文介绍了用标准的机车辆轮对作为力传感器来连续测量轮轨相互作用的测力轮对技术，并以作者研究的测力轮对为例，介绍了选择最佳贴片位置的方法、电桥设计的一般原则及试验结果处理等技术。     

船舶风荷载算法的比较研究

分析研究了国内外几种港口工程规范中关于船舶风荷载计算的方法特点并应用同一算例进行了计算结果间的对比分析,评价了O ptim oor软件的可用性。     

A study on scantling formulae of plate members due to lateral pressure under the effect of axial loads

Existing rule scantling formulae of plate members are based on conventional plastic design theory, and do not necessarily reflect complicated plate bending phenomena under axial loads. In this study, we first formulated the effect of axial load on the fully plastic moment based on the von Mises yield criterion for longitudinally stiffened plate in addition to the well-known formula for transversely stiffened plate. In addition, we derived a theoretical formulation of the lateral pressure corresponding to 2-point hinge and 3-point hinge formation taking account of the effect of the additional lateral force due to the axial loads on the deflected plating, using a simple plate strip bending model assuming a long plate with a large aspect ratio.Then, a series of elastic-plastic FE analyses was carried out to verify the structural behavior and the effect of axial load on the plate plastic bending strength. The plate strength was evaluated based on the residual deflection criteria of two cases (0.26 mm and 4.0 mm), and the results were compared with the theoretical derivation. As a result, it was found that assumption of linear strength reduction to the axial stress can cover the transversely stiffened plate under compressive axial stress conservatively. As to the transversely stiffened plate under tensile axial stress and the longitudinally stiffened plate, the strength reduction was in accordance with the reduction in the fully plastic moment based on the von Mises yield criterion in the conservative side. Finally, based on the findings, the required plate thickness coefficients were proposed on an empirical basis both for transversely and longitudinally stiffened plate under compressive and tensile axial loads.     

Dynamic response of the train–track–bridge system subjected to derailment impacts

Derailments on bridges, although not frequent, when occurs due to a complex dynamic interaction of the train–track–bridge structural system, are very severe. Furthermore, the forced vibration induced by the post-derailment impacts can toss out the derailed wagons from the bridge deck with severe consequences to the traffic underneath and the safety of the occupants of the wagons. This paper presents a study of the train–track–bridge interaction during a heavy freight train crossing a concrete box girder bridge from a normal operation to a derailed state. A numerical model that considers the bridge vibration, train–track interaction and the train post-derailment behaviour is formulated based on a coupled finite-element – multi-body dynamics (FE-MBD) theory. The model is applied to predict the post-derailment behaviour of a freight train composed of one locomotive and several wagons, as well as the dynamic response of a straight single-span simply supported bridge containing ballast track subjected to derailment impacts. For this purpose, a typical derailment scenario of a heavy freight train passing over a severe track geometry defect is introduced. The dynamic derailment behaviour of the heavy freight train and the dynamic responses of the rail bridge are illustrated through numerical examples. The results exhibit the potential for tossing out of the derailed trains from the unstable increase in the yaw angle signature and a lower rate of increase of the bridge deck bending moment compared to the increase in the static axle load of the derailed wheelset.     

考虑液舱内部水动力的FPSO波浪载荷研究

为研究液舱内液货自由面水动力效应对船体波浪载荷及船体运动的影响,基于一艘15万吨FPSO,选取液货舱原始布置形式下两种典型装载工况以及一组具有不同长度中部半载液舱的FPSO液舱分布模型,分别采用准静态方法和全动态方法对船体波浪载荷及运动进行计算。结果表明,使用准静态方法进行波浪载荷预报具有工程可靠性,中部半载液舱长度对船体波浪载荷及运动有一定影响。     

自升式平台拖航工况下运动响应预报

拖航工况是自升式平台结构安全评估的重要工况之一,惯性载荷是拖航工况评估中必须考虑的载荷之一,其计算通常依靠假定平台做简谐运动来实现,而这种假定是否可靠是未知的。为确定拖航工况下自升式平台所遭受的惯性载荷,文中利用SESAM软件及线性势流理论直接数值求解平台的运动响应RAO,并对垂荡、横摇和纵摇进行预报,将预报结果与简谐运动的假定进行比较。根据比较可知,简谐运动的假定是非常保守的假定。