A probabilistic damage tolerance concept for welded joints. Part 1: data base and stochastic modelling

The present paper presents the necessary crack growth statistics and suggests stochastic models for a reliability analysis of the fatigue fracture of welded steel plate joints. The reliability levels are derived from extensive testing with fillet-welded joints for which the entire crack growth history has been measured, not only the final fatigue life. The statistics for the time to reach given crack depths are determined. Fracture-mechanics-derived crack growth curves are fitted to the measured experimental curves and the best fit defines the growth parameters involved for each test specimen. The derived statistics and distribution function for these parameters are used as variables in a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). In addition a Markov model is developed as an alternative stochastic model. It is a Markov chain for which the discrete damage states are related to chosen crack depths in the material. This model works directly with the experimental time statistics. It is a “stochastic bulk approach” not involving any random variables or fracture mechanics modeling. Both models are fitted to the data base and scaled to in-service conditions. Both methods are compared and discussed. The aim is to provide data for the variables used in a MCS and to develop a Markov chain for fast reliability calculation, especially when predicting the most likely influence of numerous future inspections.     

钢轨踏面斜裂纹伤损原因及对策的研究

广深准高速铁路全长139km。对准高速区段和非准高速区段曲线上钢轨进行探伤检查,发现在44个曲线,37km长的范围内存在踏面斜裂纹,斜裂纹主要发生在上下行上股钢轨,斜裂纹呈成段、非连续、跳跃式分布。踏面斜裂纹及断口的宏观形貌和理化检验与分析表明,踏面斜裂纹伤损属于滚动接触疲劳裂纹伤损类型。研究认为:钢轨性能、线路状况、车辆性能及运行速度、车轮踏面形状等是产生斜裂纹的主要原因。提高钢轨的接触疲劳强度,在曲线上使用微合金淬火钢轨,研究和改善轮轨接触方式,加强轨道的养护维修,合理地进行预防性打磨和校正性打磨是解决钢轨踏面斜裂纹伤损的主要措施。     

朔黄铁路轨道质量分级管理标准研究

基于朔黄重载铁路不同区段的线路地域条件、捣固维修实际情况、轨道质量等因素,将线路分为Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级两个等级区段进行管理.基于国内外轨道质量分级标准的制定方法,分析了轨道质量发展各阶段的特点,提出了重载铁路质量评价标准分级方法,将两个等级区段线路的轨道质量评价指标分为捣固验收值、优先值和超限值三个管理值.结合轨道检测实测数据...     

加速锈蚀钢-混凝土组合梁的性能试验研究

通过恒电流加速模拟试验,研究了钢材锈蚀对钢-混凝土组合梁的耐久性影响规律;通过对试验结果的回归分析,得到了栓钉锈蚀后钢-混凝土组合梁抗弯承载力的计算公式。试验结果表明:随着通电时间的增大,栓钉的锈蚀率增大,组合梁的承载力降低;当通电量相同时,末刷防锈漆试件中的钢梁的锈蚀增加,栓钉的锈蚀降低,其承载力较高;随着栓钉锈蚀率的增大,梁刚度降低,在荷载作用下,梁的相对滑移变大。     

变速器换挡拨叉疲劳寿命分析

零部件的疲劳破坏是其失效的主要模式之一,在新产品设计初期利用有限元方法对其疲劳寿命进行预测能够有效预防疲劳破坏的发生。建立某变速器换挡拨叉组件的有限元模型,采用有限元分析软件Abaqus对其进行强度分析,获得换挡拨叉组件的应力分布情况。将Adams中获得的换挡力和换挡拨叉组件的强度分析结果输入Fe-safe软件中,进行疲劳寿命计算,获得换挡拨叉组件的疲劳寿命为1 902 567次,疲劳破坏发生在58820号单元的第4个节点,该方法为结构设计工作提供指导。     

某车型后背门开裂问题分析及解决

由于某车型后背门受力较大且比较集中,其后背门铰链安装点处钣金在前期道路试验中,多次出现疲劳开裂问题.为解决此问题,通过CAE分析,对耐久强度薄弱点直接进行加强,并对后背门限位方式进行优化,有效地提高了安装点强度,并减小行车中后背门摆动,成功地消除了该位置的疲劳开裂.     

基于ANSYS workbench的车轮疲劳强度分析

车轮是汽车上的重要部件,它承受车身的重力、驱动力、制动力以及汽车转弯时的横向载荷,对汽车的行驶安全性、稳定性和平顺性都有着非常重要的影响。采用有限元分析的方法可以在新产品设计初期分析出车轮的强度和疲劳寿命,大大缩短设计周期。本文以14×5.5J车轮为研究对象,采用三维建模软件pro/E对车轮进行建模,利用有限元分析软件ANsYs worl出ench对车轮弯曲疲劳强度试验进行模拟,得到车轮强度和疲劳寿命的分析结果。     

A380-800飞机荷载作用下复合道面的结构响应分析

为了分析机场复合道面结构在新一代大型飞机多轮荷载作用下的力学响应规律,文章以A380-800飞机为例,应用大型通用有限元程序ABAQUS建立了复合道面结构三维有限元模型,分析了多轮荷载不同组合方式作用下道面结构的力学响应。通过计算不同布载形式下道面结构的疲劳寿命,并结合应力的分布规律,得出结论:复合道面在多轮荷载作用下产生空间叠加效应;A380-800可采用3轴双轮6轮组作为道面结构设计时的最不利荷载组合;当考虑空间叠加效应时,15 m×15 m的模型尺寸是合理的。     

基于疲劳强度谱分析的火炬塔支撑结构设计

火炬塔是FPSO上主要装置之一,火炬塔支撑结构的疲劳强度是结构设计重点关注的对象。在介绍疲劳谱分析方法及BV-Homer软件的基础上,总结整理出基于该软件的疲劳谱分析的基本流程,利用BV-Homer软件对火炬塔支撑结构原设计方案的疲劳损伤进行了分析校核,根据计算结果对支撑结构设计方案进行了修改。研究表明：原设计方案的疲劳强度不满足规范要求,修改方案的疲劳寿命大幅提高,满足规范要求;火炬塔支撑外侧主管及外侧热点的疲劳损伤较大,设计时需要重点关注;增加肘板、热点区域结构板厚是提高疲劳强度的有效方式;基于谱疲劳分析的结构疲劳强度分析方法可应用于其他类似结构。     

Experimental and numerical studies on dynamic stress and curvature in steel tube umbilicals

The present paper addresses the stresses in dynamic steel tube umbilicals at the platform hang-off exposed to large motions corresponding to an extreme storm condition. Experimental tests were carried out by mounting fibre-optic Braggs inside steel tubes of a 9 m long umbilical specimen. Then the specimen was exposed to constant tension and dynamic curvature by means of a bellmouth and the stresses were measured. Realizing that the geometry of the umbilical cross section was too complex to apply full 3D modeling, a beam and penalty contact modeling procedure was applied to describe the extreme stress behavior. Then a simplified method was proposed to determine the contact stiffness which was further validated by full scale umbilical axial stiffness testing. As hoop contact interfaces between steel tubes and separation fillers were observed in the test specimen, a tailor-made contact element was formulated to facilitate hoop contact. Different modeling alternatives were used to investigate the hoop contact effect on the extreme axial stress and Coulomb friction stress range, which were further validated against measured dynamic axial stress. Good correlation was found by the combination of describing all contact interfaces and constraints due to the grooves in the inner sheath.