最小二乘平差在纸海图矢量化过程中的应用

在矢量化纸海图时,由于基准点的采样误差,导致转换参数的误差,最终导致电子海图的空间对象的精度不高。本文应用最小二乘法对基准点的采样误差实施平差,提高转换参数的精度,最终可较大幅度地提高电子海图中空间对象的精度     

某驱动桥气室失效问题的分析及改进

气室是驱动桥的重要组成部分,通过压缩空气和蓄能弹簧为制动器提供驱动力,从而实现整车的行车制动和驻车制动.如若气室发生故障,则会造成制动失效,影响整车的行驶安全.文章针对某驱动桥试验过程中出现的气室底部撕裂问题,通过运用机械振动、有限元分析等方法,对其失效模式进行剖析,通过改进方法,提升产品可靠性.     

在役水泥路面劣化行为与延寿技术综述

为提升在役水泥路面的耐久性与服役寿命,围绕国内外水泥路面延寿修复技术研究现状,梳理了水泥路面结构的力学响应和疲劳损伤演化行为,分析了水泥路面主要病害形成机理、劣化行为和特征,总结了不同劣化行为控制技术的研究进展;基于充分利用旧水泥路面板剩余承载力的思想和旧水泥路面延寿加铺结构力学行为研究,提出了严酷环境下分离式加铺连续配筋混凝土(CRC)面板的典型加铺结构,总结了水泥路面结构服役行为的智能感知技术。研究结果表明：建立准确反映水泥路面服役行为的力学模型可为其合理设计和寿命精准预测提供科学的理论依据;在水泥路面破坏形成初期及时对其技术状况进行评价并修复,可在一定程度上延长其使用寿命;接缝传荷能力和板底脱空是影响水泥路面耐久性的显著因素,在旧水泥路面修复过程中应重点关注;旧水泥路面加铺沥青混凝土和水泥混凝土是其延寿的有效措施,从全寿命周期来看,重载交通在役水泥路面加铺CRC面板是其延寿的有效技术手段;未来应建立考虑在役水泥路面劣化行为、剩余强度等的寿命预估理论,开发高性能、易兼容和绿色环保的水泥路面延寿修复材料,借助服役性能多源异构大数据的感知与处理技术,完善在役水泥路面加铺结构设计的理论技术与行业规范,全面提升在役水泥路面的服役水平和使用寿命。     

渗碳齿轮的喷丸强化机理

本文就喷丸处理对汽车渗碳齿轮疲劳寿命的影响进行了研究,分析了喷丸处理对渗碳组织,残余应力、疲劳残纹的形成及扩展规律的影响。     

基于水动力-结构模型的VLGC

超大型全冷式液化气船（VLGC）是国际上公认的设计及建造技术难度最大的船型之一,VLGC波浪载荷是船舶设计计算分析的重要载荷,准确的评估波浪载荷对船舶强度的设计非常重要。论文从DNV先进的水动力计算软件HydroD对VLGC船满载和压载工况下的波浪载荷进行了计算,得到了VLGC船相应工况下的运动响应和短期预报、长期预报值,并把计算出的波浪载荷传递到全船结构有限元结构模型中,加载分析得到了VLGC船的应力分布,对相应地方做了适当改进和加强,并对典型节点进行疲劳强度分析,得到了典型节点的疲劳寿命。对VLGC船整个波浪载荷传递到有限元模型的这一套流程做了分析和研究,也为进一步应用水动力方法计算其它船型的结构强度和疲劳寿命打下了良好的基础。     

H型钢接触网支柱在风荷载作用下的疲劳性能分析

H型钢接触网支柱在高速铁路中得到广泛使用,直接影响铁路接触网系统安全。长期处于风荷载作用下,H型钢接触网支柱存在疲劳问题。通过建立数值计算模型,应用热点应力的表面外推法,对H型钢接触网支柱柱脚焊缝在风荷载作用下的疲劳性能进行分析。以兰新高铁H型钢接触网支柱为例,依据热点应力-寿命曲线,计算支柱焊缝的疲劳寿命。分析结果表明:其他条件不变的情况下,改变型钢规格和柱高,热点位置不发生变化;随着支柱高度增加,疲劳寿命降低21%左右;随着型钢截面的增大,疲劳寿命增加23%左右。     

Application of analytical model in the prediction of dynamic responses and fatigue damage of flexible risers: Part II – Dynamic analysis of flexible risers in large-scale domain using a direct moment correction method

In recent years, the dynamic responses of flexible risers have been the focus of many researchers. Most flexible risers undergo a substantial level of irregular motion from environmental loadings, which involves a continuous slip of helical wires. The slip of helical wires especially leads to a hysteretic effect by reducing the bending stiffness, making it hard to predict the dynamic responses of flexible risers. The current study, as an extension to Part I, presents a new large-scale dynamic analysis method for flexible risers. The suggested method creates a large-scale model for the dynamic analysis that considers a geometric and bending nonlinearity of flexible risers. The kinematics of each beam element is formulated based on a Green-Lagrangian strain and the interaction with the seabed, providing a realistic analysis of flexible risers. In particular, the current study introduces a direct moment correction method that modifies the internal force vector using an improved analytical model. The improved analytical model is assigned at each node of the large-scale model and estimates an accurate bending hysteresis curve considering the effect of shear deformation and varying tension. The suggested method corrects the bending moment and shear force of all beam elements based on the bending hysteresis curves obtained from the improved analytical model, by which a complex bending behavior of flexible risers is reflected in a large-scale domain. As a result, this study achieves a more accurate prediction of the dynamic responses and fatigue damage of flexible risers. A new dynamic analysis program, called OPFLEX, is developed herein based on the suggested analysis method. Using the developed program, the current study conducts several numerical investigations to identify the effect of the shear deformation and varying tension. Consequently, it is confirmed that the shear deformation of internal layers reduces the fatigue damage of helical wires by delaying the increase of internal stress. It is also identified that the effect of varying tension deteriorates the fatigue life of flexible risers through a continuous change of contact pressure during bending.