严寒地区水泥乳化沥青砂浆的低温性能及疲劳性能试验研究

运用试验方法,进行严寒地区用水泥乳化沥青砂浆抗冻性、低温力学性能和低温抗裂性的低温性能及疲劳性能研究。结果表明,该种砂浆的抗冻性可达600次以上;随着温度的降低,砂浆的抗压强度、抗折强度逐渐增加,-40℃下砂浆的折压比在0.2以上;砂浆出现裂纹时钢球的压入深度均大于1.2 mm;模拟行车条件下砂浆的受力情况,进行10~40 Hz频率350万次疲劳试验,砂浆的累积变形量均小于0.07 mm。结合试验结果和严寒地区试验段的运营考察,考虑到严寒地区-40℃的极端温度条件和350 km.h-1的运营速度,提出严寒地区水泥乳化沥青砂浆的低温性能指标为-40℃砂浆出现裂纹时钢球的压入深度不小于1.0 mm,低温折压比不小于0.20;疲劳性能指标为12 Hz加载频率下经100万次疲劳试验的砂浆累积变形量不大于0.10 mm。     

对IEC 61373中模拟长寿命试验量级的分析

从疲劳损伤模型的选择上,对比分析IEC 61373《轨道交通机车车辆设备冲击和振动试验》2010版和1999版中模拟长寿命试验量级的差异性,对IEC 61373:1999中试验量级高于IEC 61373:2010的原因给出理论依据和解释。认为IEC 61373:2010更加符合机车车辆实际运行环境,试验检测时可避免过度试验对设备造成的损坏。据此提出对机车车辆设备模拟长寿命试验量级的选择建议和对标准的修订建议。     

CRTS-I型板式无砟轨道疲劳寿命研究

为研究无砟轨道在列车荷载和环境温度共同作用下的疲劳特性,以CRTS-Ⅰ型板式无砟轨道为研究对象,建立弹性地基梁-体模型,计算出列车荷载和温度梯度作用下轨道结构的垂向最大应力,并结合普通混凝土结构S-N曲线的疲劳寿命分析方程和CA砂浆在不同温度时的疲劳方程,预测了CRTS-Ⅰ型板式无砟轨道各结构层在规定服役年限内的疲劳寿命。计算表明,对于有限的作用次数,CRTS-Ⅰ型板式无砟轨道各结构层受到的最大应力均未超过相应的混凝土强度值。根据各结构层最大应力预测出的相应疲劳寿命表明,CA砂浆在25~30年后将出现疲劳损伤,而在规定年限60年内,CRTS-Ⅰ型板式无砟轨道其他结构层不会出现疲劳损伤,能达到客运专线服役期内的要求。     

加载频率对高强钢筋疲劳试验的影响研究

铁路工程常用的HRB335级钢筋作为落后产能产品已明令淘汰。为贯彻落实国家产业政策,保证铁路建设项目顺利实施,开展铁路工程应用高强钢筋试验研究,为标准制修订提供技术支撑。由于铁路工程应用高强钢筋相关试验样本量大、加载次数高,若采用常规疲劳试验机,试验周期将变得无法承受。因此,试验研究加载频率更高的高频试验机应用到试验中,系统进行高强钢筋母材及连接接头的疲劳性能试验。研究表明:分别采用高、低频疲劳试验机的高强钢筋母材和连接接头的对比疲劳试验结果无明显差异,高频疲劳试验机可用于高强钢筋母材和连接接头的疲劳试验,大幅提高了疲劳试验效率。     

高速动车组角焊缝应力集中的识别方法

针对高速动车组焊接构架角焊缝处应力集中无法采用名义应力法识别的问题,基于结构应力法,将角焊缝焊趾处的非线性应力分解为满足外载荷平衡的结构应力和自平衡的缺口应力,然后根据力的平衡方程得到各节点力及其力矩与线力及其线力矩间的对应关系,进而推导出结构应力的计算公式,并给出角焊缝应力集中识别流程;基于所给出的算法和识别流程,采用C/C++以及ANSYS软件提供的APDL语言开发出焊接结构应力识别专用软件WSS,对某高速动车组焊接构架上诸多角焊缝应力集中进行识别,验证了基于结构应力的角焊缝应力集中识别方法不仅能给出应力集中的具体位置,还能给出具体的应力峰值及其对应的疲劳寿命,可用于优化高速动车组焊接构架的抗疲劳设计。     

铁路货车可靠性试验方法及评价标准的研究

在中国铁道科学研究院环行试验基地进行的历时5年的提速货车120 km.h-1可靠性试验的基础上,结合运营线试验分析,提出铁路货车可靠性试验方法:参试车辆应具有代表性;试验线路应具有典型性,并设置一定的线路不平顺;试验里程为1至2个段修期;最高运行速度的试验里程不应低于总里程的60%。在分析测试结果、故障分布及车辆可靠性指标和铁路货车关键部件的疲劳特性的基础上,依据故障的严重程度和对车辆维修的影响,对故障进行分类与加权,计算货车的平均无故障时间和故障率,并进行评价;将落车时实测的静应力与运行中测得的动应力叠加并用Goodman方程转换,得出以对称循环表征的疲劳等效应力,结合对称循环概率疲劳等效应力和部件细节对称循环的概率应力—寿命曲线,通过Miner线性累积损伤法实现转向架关键部件疲劳寿命的可靠性预测。     

列车轮对疲劳强度试验现状及分析

针对我国动车组关键引进部件轮对的疲劳强度试验还未形成完整规范的现状,归纳总结德国、意大利、日本、中国轮对疲劳强度试验情况,分析各自的优点及不同之处。在此基础上,为我国轮对疲劳强度试验台的建设,以及制定高速客车、动车组轮对疲劳强度试验标准提供参考。     

考虑车轮谐波磨耗的动车组车轴疲劳寿命

以CRH380BL型高速动车组为研究对象,基于车轮谐波磨耗的实测结果,建立刚性轮轨、刚性轮柔性轨、柔性轮刚性轨以及柔性轮轨4种不同轮轨关系下的车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型,通过对比分析4种模型的轮轨振动特性,得到最能反映真实情况的轮轨耦合动力学模型;基于车轴受力分析,采用有限元软件ANSYS进行车轴静强度计算;采用多体动力学软件计算考虑车轮谐波磨耗的车轴载荷时间历程;根据疲劳累积损伤理论,采用FE-SAFE软件分析考虑车轮谐波磨耗的车轴疲劳寿命。结果表明:柔性轮轨关系更能反映轮轨的真实接触状态;车轴轮座内侧圆弧过渡处的应力最大,为114.4 MPa;考虑车轮谐波磨耗的车轴疲劳寿命约为19.2 a;车轮谐波磨耗导致轮轨振动加剧,对车轴疲劳寿命产生明显不利的影响。     

Strain estimation for offshore wind turbines with jacket substructures using dual-band modal expansion

Structural fatigue is a design driver for offshore wind turbines (OWT). In particular, the substructures, like jackets, are strongly affected by fatigue. Monitoring the fatigue progression in the welds is vital for the maintenance and a potential lifetime extension. However, inspections of critical locations are costly due to the limited accessibility of the mostly submerged jacket. Considering the high number of potentially critical welds, it is regarded as economically unfeasible to equip all fatigue hot spots with sensors. Thus, an indirect method to monitor the fatigue progress of the structure and point out critical locations is desirable. For a consistent support of ongoing maintenance, it has to yield reliable results for varying operational and environmental conditions. This paper applies a virtual sensing approach to jacket substructures. From a small set of sensors on the tower, fatigue at every desired location of the jacket is estimated using dual-band modal expansion. Simulations using the OC4 jacket design are performed to show potentials and limitations of the method. Namely fatigue progress on leg welds of K-joints is predicted with high accuracy over a wide range of load cases. However, some difficulties in fatigue prediction of X-joints due to the occurrence of local modes and limitations in the extrapolation of wave loading have to be resolved in future work.     

Influence of initial distortion of 3 mm thin superstructure decks on hull girder response for fatigue assessment

This paper investigates the influence of initial distortion of 3 mm thin superstructure decks on hull girder response and fatigue assessment. Part of the traditional superstructure of a prismatic passenger ship is replaced by thin decks with initial distortion amplitude of 0, 1 and 2 times the IACS limit value for thicker plates, i.e. 0, 6 and 12 mm. Both geometrically linear and nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis is used. For reference also traditional superstructure with 5 mm plate thickness is analyzed. Thin straight superstructure decks give 43% of weight reduction and carry approximately 30% less load than corresponding thick straight decks in traditional model. The load that is not carried by thin decks is divided between other traditional decks. The redistribution of forces also happens at the deck level between plates, stiffeners, girders and longitudinal bulkheads. The presence of initial distortion with the shape of one half wave between web frames and stiffeners causes an additional few percent-decrease in forces carried. The results and conclusions are similar for hogging and sagging loading conditions and differences between geometrically linear and nonlinear FE analysis are very small. This means time saving since the panel loading for fatigue assessment can be defined from geometrically linear hull girder response analysis without considering the initial distortions.