Fatigue predictions for flexible marine propellers using FSI analysis considering Euler force in the rotating frame

Analysis of flexible marine propellers in terms of their structural response and stress is the key to accurate fatigue prediction. At present, finite element method (FEM) analyses of flexible propellers have been performed as a part of the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis using a numerical method for the flexible structures, which is identical to that used for their rigid counterparts. In this study, the Euler force in a rotating frame is employed as an additional external force on the blades of the marine propeller during the FSI analysis. The Euler force is an inertial force component in the rotating frame due to angular acceleration. Acceleration of the rotating frame arises from large deformations of the propeller due to its flexible characteristics. The angular acceleration of the propeller is obtained for each time step, and the resulting Euler force is accounted for as a body force. The FSI analysis results are compared to experimental results in terms of the structural response, stress, and fatigue. It is clear that the Euler force has a major effect on the fatigue characteristics of the propeller because it amplifies the main response components. In conclusion, incorporating the Euler force in FSI analyses of flexible marine propellers is necessary for adequate prediction of the propeller fatigue.     

A structured flexible transit system for low demand areas

Public transit structure is traditionally designed to contain fixed bus routes and predetermined bus stations. This paper presents an alternative flexible-route transit system, in which each bus is allowed to travel across a predetermined area to serve passengers, while these bus service areas collectively form a hybrid “grand” structure that resembles hub-and-spoke and grid networks. We analyze the agency and user cost components of this proposed system in idealized square cities and seek the optimum network layout, service area of each bus, and bus headway, to minimize the total system cost. We compare the performance of the proposed transit system with those of comparable systems (e.g., fixed-route transit network and taxi service), and show how each system is advantageous under certain passenger demand levels. It is found out that under low-to-moderate demand levels, the proposed flexible-route system tends to have the lowest system cost.     

机器人控制系统在整车焊装车间的扩展应用

文章研究论述的是工业机器人控制系统在整车焊装车间的扩展应用,应用于非常规工业机械手的工况.通过提供在整车焊装车间中的运动控制的若干解决方案,解决特定工况下运动控制中存在的成本高、设备占地空间大、故障率高、维护困难等诸多困扰生产线投入运行的课题,以提高焊装车间的生产线技术水平.     

钢丝绳柔性抽油杆系统故障诊断研究

本文介绍了利用人工神经网络(ANN)技术和计算机图像处理技术对钢丝绳柔性抽油杆抽油装置进行故障诊断的方法。对示功图进行了二值化、滤波和正规化处理,获得了人工神经网络的输入向量,输出结果则表示可能发生的故障形式。采用BP网络,最后给出了一个诊断实例。     

Numerical analysis of vortex-induced vibration on a flexible cantilever riser for deep-sea mining system

The flexible cantilever riser, as a special form of the marine riser, can be encountered in a deep-sea mining system, where the bottom of the long vertical lifting pipeline is connected with the intermediate warehouse. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the effects of the bottom weight caused by the intermediate warehouse and the flow speed on the dynamic responses of the cantilever pipeline. A quasi-3D coupling algorithm based on the discrete vortex method and finite element method is employed to calculate the unsteady hydrodynamic forces and vortex-induced vibrations of this pipeline in the time domain, respectively. We first simulate the VIV of a long flexible riser with two fixed ends in a stepped flow to validate the feasibility of the present method. Then, systematic simulations of cross-flow VIV of the cantilever riser are carried out under a wide range of bottom weights and different current speeds. The number of the vibration mode shows the decreasing tendency with the increase of the bottom weight. In a certain range of the weight, the number of the dominant mode remains unchanged, while the vibration amplitude declines with increasing weight. An amplitude jump phenomenon can be observed when the transition of the dominant mode in two contiguous mode clusters occurs. Moreover, the higher-order modes are excited with the increase of the current speed.     

A finite element methodology for birdcaging analysis of flexible pipes with damaged outer layers

Flexible pipes are commonly exposed to damages on the outer layers due to abrasion with seafloor or improper installation and operation, which may render them vulnerable to birdcaging failures. This paper presents a finite element model for the residual axial compressive strength evaluation of a flexible pipe with local damage on the outer layers. The elastoplastic nonlinearity of tensile armour steel layers and hyperelasticity of polymeric outer sheath are taken into account. This model is verified against existing test data. Parametric studies are then performed by varying the damage size in either the pipe axial or circumferential directions. The flexible pipe axial resistance, deformations, as well as the tensile armour wires layers stress states near the damaged section under different damage and axial compression conditions are discussed. The case studies show that damage on the outer layer, especially the anti-birdcage tape layer, is highly detrimental to flexible pipe residual strength against axial compression. The present results and discussions are instructive in understanding the flexible pipe birdcaging mechanism.     

柴油机拉缸故障的扭振诊断技术探索

根据实测柴油机拉缸的例子，分析了柴油机拉缸的过程和特点。本文根据古典摩擦理论和机械-分子摩擦理论建立了拉缸早期和严重拉缸阶段的活塞摩擦力计算模型，并计算了轴系的扭振响应。仿真结果表明：在严重拉缸阶段，两种模型的计算结果相近。本文给出了利用扭振诊断拉缸的诊断参数，还比较了拉缸故障、单缸停油故障和突加负荷时扭振的不同特点，为快速实用地诊断拉缸故障做了一些有益的尝试和理论探索，并引出了在实践中还有待于进一步解决的问题。     

Comfort enhancement by an active vibration reduction system for a flexible railway car body

In order to improve the ride comfort of lightweight railway vehicles, an active vibration reduction system using piezo-stack actuators is proposed and studied in simulations. The system consists of actuators and sensors mounted on the vehicle car body. Via a feedback control loop, the output signals of the sensors which are measuring the flexible deformation of the car body generate a bending moment, which is directly applied to the car body by the actuators. This bending moment reduces the structural vibration of the vehicle car body. Simulations have shown that a significant reduction in the vibration level is achieved.     

柔性基层冷再生试验路的实施

介绍了冷再生做为柔性基层在营大线的实施情况,就原路面的路况调查、室内试验研究、试验路方案的确定及试验路的完成情况做了全面的阐述.     

水下潜器采用FBG传感监测系统的模型试验研究

本文依据水下潜器服役期间耐压船体结构的强度保障需求,以光纤光栅(FBG)原理为基础,结合水下潜器结构特征和工作环境特性,设计光缆穿舱结构组件,通过穿舱结构耐压试验和模拟工况联调试验,论证整个测试系统的可行性,为大型水下潜器结构的安全监测及结构状态识别与结构安全评估等进一步的工作奠定坚实的基础。