汽车加速扭转共振问题的整改

为解决汽车加速扭转共振问题,探讨了某款柴油车在1 700 r/min左右产生的扭振和共鸣声的机理,可通过改变相关件的扭振频率及增加扭振阻尼来解决此问题.在没有双质量飞轮的情况下,最终通过调整离合器扭转减振器的刚度和阻尼,以及与传动轴挠性联轴器的组合运用,消除了该车型的扭振问题.结果表明,扭振是由系统共振引起,在扭振的源头采取对策才是最有效的方法.     

Singular perturbation composite control of a free-floating flexible dual-arm space robot

The Free-floating Flexible Dual-arm Space Robot is a highly nonlinear and coupled dynamics system. In this paper, the dynamic model is derived of a Free-floating Flexible Dual-arm Space Robot holding a rigid payload. Furthermore, according to the singular perturbation method, the system is separated into a slow subsystem representing rigid body motion of the robot and a fast subsystem representing the flexible link dynamics. For the slow subsystem, based on the second method of Lyapunov, using simple quantitative bounds on the model uncertainties, a robust tracking controller design is used during the trajectory tracking phase. The optimal control method is designed in the fast subsystem to guarantee the exponential stability. With the combination of the two above, the system can track the expected trajectory accurately, even though with uncertainty in model parameters, and its flexible vibration gets suppressed, too. Finally, some simulation tests have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.     

船用柴油机气缸套穴蚀的成因及其预防措施

文章介绍了船用柴油机气缸套穴蚀的现象,分析了穴蚀的成因机理,提出了提高气缸套抗穴蚀能力的一些具体措施,并对船用柴油机气缸套的设计、制造与维修提出一些建议,以延长气缸套的使用寿命。     

软土参数反分析方法及其在沉降预测中的应用

沉降预测与控制是当前客运专线设计、施工组织的关键技术,为保证沉降预测的准确程度,必须合理选取计算参数。采用黏弹塑(西原)模型模拟土骨架,并结合软土变形的大位移、大应变及渗透固结的特点,建立模拟施工过程的软土路基双重非线性固结分析有限元模型。以实测信息与计算信息的相对残差平方和最小为目标,引入考虑测点观测精度的加权值,建立根据多种测试信息进行参数反分析的目标函数,并采用Monte-Carlo法和可变容差法相结合的优化技术,对目标函数进行约束优化,较好地解决了可变容差法易于陷入局部最优解的难题。通过参数分组、初步试算、综合调整等步骤,建立了分阶段多层次动态施工反分析方法,从而使反分析所得计算参数具有明确的物理意义。实际工程应用表明,参数反分析方法本构关系清楚、物理意义明确,所得计算参数能较好地反映现场的实际情况,可准确预测沉降。     

铁路车站股道运用排序模型与算法

遵守车站股道运用条件,在引入时间窗、权重和有限度3个参数的基础上,利用排序理论构建车站股道运用排序模型。结合列车在车站的实际作业过程和进路编排,利用启发式算法对模型求解,得到股道运用初始方案。基于排序原则选择、进路编排方式和多方案选优3种解改进策略对股道运用初始方案进行改进,得到股道运用改进方案。利用现代柔性理论,设置1个人—机交互接口,以股道运用可行性为第1优化目标、均衡性为第2优化目标,建立股道运用的柔性模型,按照人—机交互会话的方式进行求解。采用该模型与算法编制的铁路车站股道运用自动编排系统,目前已在广州东站和韶关站初步运用。     

Method for obtaining the wheel–rail contact location and its application to the normal problem calculation through ‘CONTACT’

This work presents a robust methodology for calculating inter-penetration areas between railway wheel and rail surfaces, the profiles of which are defined by a series of points. The method allows general three-dimensional displacements of the wheelset to be considered, and its characteristics make it especially suitable for dynamic simulations where the wheel–rail contact is assumed to be flexible. The technique is based on the discretisation of the geometries of the surfaces in contact, considering the wheel as a set of truncated cones and the rail as points. By means of this approach, it is possible to reduce the problem to the calculation of the intersections between cones and lines, the solution for which has a closed-form expression. The method has been used in conjunction with the CONTACT algorithm in order to solve the static normal contact problem when the lateral displacement of the wheelset, its yaw angle and the vertical force applied in the wheelset centroid are prescribed. The results consist of smooth functions when the dependent coordinates are represented as a function of the independent ones, lacking the jump discontinuities that are present when a rigid contact model is adopted. Example results are shown and assessed for the normal contact problem for different lateral and yaw positions of the wheelset on the track.     

汽车车身柔性装焊生产线探讨

阐述了建立汽车车身柔性生产线的必要性,指出了车身装焊生产线是汽车车身柔性生产的关键,从工艺设备、工装夹具、机械化输送及自动控制几个方面控制实现柔性汽车装焊生产线的措施。分析了柔性装焊生产线－车身生产发展的趋势,论证了计算机是实现柔性自动控制的核心。     

镶套法在发动机缸体主轴承螺栓孔修复中的应用

简单介绍了发动机缸体主轴承螺栓孔的常见损伤方式,比较了镶套法,修理尺寸法和焊补法等几种修复方法的优缺点,认为采用镶套法来修复是较好的方案,并介绍了具体的修复工艺。