分体冷却式柴油机缸盖水套的CFD分析

利用CFD技术对一高速柴油机缸盖水套进行了分析。介绍了缸盖水套结构调整的基本原则及其计算网格的选取方法，并对3种方案的缸盖冷却流场进行了分析。指出，进一步减小沿进气道侧两缸相邻区域连接截面的面积，可以显著减少沿该侧的冷却液流量，增加沿着排气道侧和喷油器侧的冷却液流量。如在缸盖底部排气门侧加导流盘结构，其冷却效果更好。     

Predicting the wet collapse pressure for flexible risers with initial ovalization and gap: An analytical solution

As offshore hydrocarbon production moves towards ultra-deep water, flexible risers have to withstand the huge hydro-static pressure without collapse. They are designed with strong collapse capacities, allowing them to operate under the condition where their annuli are flooded by the seawater. However, initial imperfections can weaken the collapse capacity under such a flooded condition, triggering the so-called “wet collapse”. Two common initial imperfections, the carcass ovality and the radial gap between the carcass and pressure armor, would reduce the collapse strength of flexible risers significantly. Mostly, collapse analyses are performed through numerical simulations, which are less feasible for the design stage of flexible risers comparing with analytical models. To date, there are few analytical models available in public literature to predict the wet collapse pressure of flexible risers accounting for initial ovality and gap. To meet this demand, an analytical model is established in this paper to address these issues. This model is developed as a spring-supported arch, solving the collapse pressure with stability theories of ring and arched structures. This analytical model is verified by numerical simulations, which gives prediction results that correlate well with the numerical ones.     

罐体组对设备中筒体和支撑特征参数的研究

对筒体及其支撑的受力情况进行有限元分析计算,得出了在组对过程中筒体的壁厚、内径、支撑杆数和支撑误差等参数的变化对筒体变形、圆周误差及应力的变化规律,确立了诸多重要工程设计参数的选择原则,提高了组对过程中对结果预见的准确程度.     

EQ6100发动机缸盖平面度测量系统研制

本文通过介绍6100发动机缸盖平面度测量系统,论述一种快速精密测量位移的方法和一种用于平面度在线测量的简便实用算法。     

崩塌落石SN S柔性防护系统的设计选型与布置

简要介绍了SNS柔性防护系统的类型、特征，结合几年来的工程实践经验，说明该系统标准化的配置方式决定了其设计一般仅限于选型和现场布置方式的设计．从现场地形地貌、崩塌落石特征、施工安装、风险水平和经济比较等方面，讨论SNS柔性防护系统设计选型和布置方式的一般原则。     

广州地铁柔性接触网检测问题分析

接触网动态检测是确保地铁正常运行的一项重要技术措施,使用检测车对地铁柔性接触网进行预防性检测,对地铁列车正常取流和预防断电事故有着非常重要的作用。对地铁柔性接触网检测车工作过程中存在的问题进行理论分析,并提出具体解决办法。     

考虑车轮谐波磨耗的动车组车轴疲劳寿命

以CRH380BL型高速动车组为研究对象,基于车轮谐波磨耗的实测结果,建立刚性轮轨、刚性轮柔性轨、柔性轮刚性轨以及柔性轮轨4种不同轮轨关系下的车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型,通过对比分析4种模型的轮轨振动特性,得到最能反映真实情况的轮轨耦合动力学模型;基于车轴受力分析,采用有限元软件ANSYS进行车轴静强度计算;采用多体动力学软件计算考虑车轮谐波磨耗的车轴载荷时间历程;根据疲劳累积损伤理论,采用FE-SAFE软件分析考虑车轮谐波磨耗的车轴疲劳寿命。结果表明:柔性轮轨关系更能反映轮轨的真实接触状态;车轴轮座内侧圆弧过渡处的应力最大,为114.4 MPa;考虑车轮谐波磨耗的车轴疲劳寿命约为19.2 a;车轮谐波磨耗导致轮轨振动加剧,对车轴疲劳寿命产生明显不利的影响。     

Bottleneck model revisited: An activity-based perspective

The timing of commuting trips made during morning and evening peaks has typically been investigated using Vickrey’s bottleneck model. However, in the conventional trip-based approach, the decisions that commuters make during the day about their activity schedules and time use are not explicitly considered. This study extends the bottleneck model to address the scheduling problem of commuters’ morning home-to-work and evening work-to-home journeys by using an activity-based approach. A day-long activity-travel scheduling model is proposed for the simultaneous determination of departure times for morning and evening commutes, together with allocations of time during the day among travel and activities undertaken at home or at the workplace. The proposed model maximizes the total net utility of the home-based tour, which is the difference between the benefits derived from participating in activities and the disutility incurred by travel between activity locations. The properties of the model solution are analytically explored and compared with the conventional bottleneck model for a special case with constant marginal-activity utility. For the case with linear marginal-activity utility, we develop a heuristic procedure to seek the equilibrium scheduling solution. We also explore the effects of marginal-work utility (or the employees’ average wage level) and of flexible work-hour schemes on the scheduling problem in relation to the morning and evening commuting tours.     

一种新型电弧喷涂气缸套的工业化应用及质量检测方法

近年来,随着全球变暖问题日趋严重,各大汽车制造商正在采用各类技术减少发动机油耗及尾气排放。作为减少发动机重量、增强发动机缸体内壁耐磨性能、减少摩擦力的新技术,气缸套热喷涂沉积技术成为了节能减排的重要技术手段。文章首先介绍了气缸套热喷涂技术的原理、加工工序以及几种常用的热喷涂沉积技术,而后引出了对一种新型电弧喷涂气缸套的工业化应用的介绍,进而重点阐述了某品牌汽车发动机制造厂商技术人员对新型电弧喷涂气缸套的质量检测方法。     

Maximizing net benefits for conventional and flexible bus services

Transit ridership is usually sensitive to fares, travel times, waiting times, and access times, among other factors. Therefore, the elasticities of demand with respect to such factors should be considered in modeling bus transit services and must be considered when maximizing net benefits (i.e. “system welfare” = consumer surplus + producer surplus) rather just minimizing costs. In this paper welfare is maximized with elastic demand relations for both conventional (fixed route) and flexible-route services in systems with multiple dissimilar regions and periods. As maximum welfare formulations are usually too complex for exact solutions, they have only been used in a few studies focused on conventional transit services. This limitation is overcome here for both conventional and flexible transit services by using a Real Coded Genetic Algorithm to solve such mixed integer nonlinear welfare maximization problems with constraints on capacities and subsidies. The optimized variables include service type, zone sizes, headways and fares. We also determine the maximum welfare threshold between optimized conventional and flexible services) and explore the effects of subsidies. The proposed planning models should be useful in selecting the service type and optimizing other service characteristics based on local geographic characteristics and financial constraints.