地铁车站火灾时不同站台层结构的烟气扩散与控制

根据地铁车站物理模型,对站台层列车中部车厢着火引发火灾时的烟气扩散进行三维模拟,分析安装屏蔽门对岛式和侧式2种典型结构站台层烟气扩散及控制的影响。用能量方程、动量方程、连续性方程、组分方程和完全浮力修正的k-ε方程描述烟气湍流流动,用SIMPLEC算法求解。结果表明:对于2种典型结构层,在发生火灾360 s时,未安装屏蔽门的,烟气均已扩散蔓延至整个站台层的上部空间并沉降至1.8 m的安全高度,人员疏散均较为困难,安装屏蔽门的,所有疏散楼梯口均能保持正常状态,屏蔽门对烟气的扩散起到很好的阻拦作用,且排烟口和隧道排出了更多的烟气;安装屏蔽门后,岛式、侧式站台层的排烟效率分别提高15.8%和10.1%;侧式站台层的抽吸烟气作用更加明显,比岛式站台排出了更多的烟气。由此可知,在2种典型结构的站台层中安装屏蔽门,可以加强对站台层火灾时烟气的控制,为人员及时有效地疏散创造了良好的条件。     

沂北船闸底板宽缝封缝条件分析

文章以连云港港疏港航道沂北船闸为例,讨论船闸底板预留施工宽缝的意义和宽缝封缝的条件,同时提出相关建议。     

Hydroelastic code-to-code comparison for a tension leg spar-type floating wind turbine

The development of robust design tools for offshore wind turbines requires knowledge of both wave and wind load models and response analysis. Verification of the numerical codes is required by the use of experiments and code-to-code comparisons. This paper presents a hydroelastic code-to-code comparison between the HAWC2 and USFOS/vpOne codes for a tension leg spar (TLS) wind turbine with a single tether. This concept is hence based on the TLP and Spar concepts. The comparison is performed using coupled hydroelastic time domain simulations. Several aspects of modelling, such as wave simulation, hydrodynamic and structural modelling, are addressed for the TLS. Wave-induced motions of the support structure affect the power performance of a wind turbine. Furthermore, overload of the tension leg should be avoided. In this paper, the motion and tension responses are compared. The tension leg introduces nonlinear effects on the spar motion. These nonlinear effects include combined-frequency effect such as double, difference and sum of wave, as well as natural pitch and surge frequencies. Hydrodynamic loads are based on a combination of the Morison formula and the pressure integration method. A comparison indicates that the motion and tension responses obtained in the two codes are in good agreement.     

Speed variation during peak and off-peak hours on urban arterials in Shanghai

Increased speed variation on urban arterials is associated with reductions in both operational performance and safety. Traffic flow, mean speed, traffic control parameters and geometric design features are known to affect speed variation. An exploratory study of the relationships among these variables could provide a foundation for improving the operational and safety performance of urban arterials, however, such a study has been hampered by problems in measuring speeds. The measurement of speed has traditionally been accomplished using spot speed collection methods such as radar, laser and loop detectors. These methods can cover only limited locations, and consequently are not able to capture speed distributions along an entire network, or even throughout any single road segment. In Shanghai, it is possible to acquire the speed distribution of any roadway segment, over any period of interest, by capturing data from Shanghai’s 50,000+ taxis equipped with Global Positional Systems (GPS). These data, hereafter called Floating Car Data, were used to calculate mean speed and speed variation on 234 road segments from eight urban arterials in downtown Shanghai. Hierarchical models with random variables were developed to account for spatial correlations among segments within each arterial and heterogeneities among arterials. Considering that traffic demand changes throughout the day, AM peak, Noon off-peak, and PM peak hours were studied separately. Results showed that increases in number of lanes and number of access points, the presence of bus stops and increases in mean speed were all associated with increased speed variation, and that increases in traffic volume and traffic signal green times were associated with reduced speed variation. These findings can be used by engineers to minimize speed differences during the road network planning stage and continuing through the traffic management phase.     

Short-term speed predictions exploiting big data on large urban road networks

Big data from floating cars supply a frequent, ubiquitous sampling of traffic conditions on the road network and provide great opportunities for enhanced short-term traffic predictions based on real-time information on the whole network. Two network-based machine learning models, a Bayesian network and a neural network, are formulated with a double star framework that reflects time and space correlation among traffic variables and because of its modular structure is suitable for an automatic implementation on large road networks. Among different mono-dimensional time-series models, a seasonal autoregressive moving average model (SARMA) is selected for comparison. The time-series model is also used in a hybrid modeling framework to provide the Bayesian network with an a priori estimation of the predicted speed, which is then corrected exploiting the information collected on other links. A large floating car data set on a sub-area of the road network of Rome is used for validation. To account for the variable accuracy of the speed estimated from floating car data, a new error indicator is introduced that relates accuracy of prediction to accuracy of measure. Validation results highlighted that the spatial architecture of the Bayesian network is advantageous in standard conditions, where a priori knowledge is more significant, while mono-dimensional time series revealed to be more valuable in the few cases of non-recurrent congestion conditions observed in the data set. The results obtained suggested introducing a supervisor framework that selects the most suitable prediction depending on the detected traffic regimes.     

浮置板式轨道结构隔振效果仿真研究

建立列车—轨道结构耦合系统有限元模型,将轨道不平顺作为列车—轨道结构耦合系统的激励源,对普通碎石道床轨道结构和浮置板式轨道结构的列车—轨道结构耦合系统动力学性能进行仿真研究,对比分析这2种类型的轨道结构系统振动响应与系统振动传递函数,评价浮置板式轨道结构的隔振效果。分析结果表明,浮置板式轨道结构与普通碎石道床轨道结构相比,振动加速度降低约70%,距线路5 m处大地振动加速度响应峰值降低约62.8%,相应Z振级衰减约10 dB,竖向振动加速度频率范围由0~200 Hz降到0~60 Hz,有效起到了振动隔离效果。     

波纹地板与枕梁过渡结构研究

介绍了现存几种枕梁与波纹地板过渡结构存在的问题,并分析其原因。通过对下翻式波纹地板的6种方案进行计算分析,提出解决问题的建议,并对上翻式波纹地板进行改进。     

船舶浮筏系统动力学特性的影响因素研究

在船舶浮筏隔振系统的动力学特性研究中，以往的刚体分析模型会在高频段造成很大误差，本文从基于有限元的弹性体模型出发，对隔振系统的多种方案进行了模拟激励下的响应分析，讨论了影响浮筏隔振性能的结构与材料因素，如隔振支承刚度与阻尼，筏体的刚与阻尼，浮筏基座刚度与阻尼等，通过船模实验验证了所建立的动力学模型，通过灵敏度分析得到振动传递率与各影响参数间的关系。     

叠合施工法在结构转换梁施工中的应用

简要介绍了叠合结构的基本理论,针对钢筋混凝土结构施工中混凝土浇筑量较大的支撑施工问题,利用叠合结构中先浇筑的钢筋混凝土进行结构施工承载,在保证工程质量、缩短工期、降低施工成本方面,效果显著。     

低地板轻轨车辆辅助电源系统的分析

对低地板轻轨车辆辅助电源的几种电路结构进行了分析、比较,并结合国内低地板轻轨项目,对设计辅助电源系统提出了一些建议,同时对该方案进行了简单的Matlab仿真。