含软弱夹层和均质围岩隧道洞口仰坡动力特性研究

针对洞口段均质围岩仰坡和含软弱夹层仰坡2种工况,开展大型振动台模型试验,分析水平和竖向激振下仰坡加速度和洞口段仰坡模型土振动特性。研究结果表明:水平向激振时仰坡存在明显加速度放大效应,竖向激振对含软弱夹层仰坡的影响不可忽视;洞口段隧道衬砌各点加速度时程曲线不一致,衬砌结构受力状态复杂;在水平向激振作用下,均质仰坡模型土坡肩土体先出现张拉裂缝,而后坡肩土体局部出现倾倒崩塌,最后沿坡面滑落堆积;含软弱夹层仰坡坡脚土体先出现挤压破碎,而后坡顶表面沿软弱夹层位置出现张拉裂缝,上覆土体沿软弱夹层滑动,最后土体大规模崩塌、滑落。本文为山岭隧道洞口段边坡抗减震研究和设计提供参考。     

城市轨道交通客流预测主体数据的简化模型构建

文章深入、系统地解析城市轨道交通客流预测主体数据的全部数理关系,展示了实用、简化数据模型的构建方法,通过该方法可得到城市轨道交通工程设计所需的主体客流预测数据。     

Short/medium-term prediction for the aviation emissions in the en route airspace considering the fluctuation in air traffic demand

This paper proposes a novel short/medium-term prediction method for aviation emissions distribution in en route airspace. An en route traffic demand model characterizing both the dynamics and the fluctuation of the actual traffic demand is developed, based on which the variation and the uncertainty of the short/medium-term traffic growth are predicted. Building on the demand forecast the Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 is applied to estimate the fuel consumption and the resulting aviation emissions in the en route airspace. Based on the traffic demand prediction and the en route emissions estimation, an aviation emissions prediction model is built, which can be used to forecast the generation of en route emissions with uncertainty limits. The developed method is applied to a real data set from Hefei Area Control Center for the en route emission prediction in the next 5 years, with time granularities of both months and years. To validate the uncertainty limits associated with the emission prediction, this paper also presents the prediction results based on future traffic demand derived from the regression model widely adopted by FAA and Eurocontrol. The analysis of the case study shows that the proposed method can characterize well the dynamics and the fluctuation of the en route emissions, thereby providing satisfactory prediction results with appropriate uncertainty limits. The prediction results show a gradual growth at an average annual rate of 7.74%, and the monthly prediction results reveal distinct fluctuation patterns in the growth.     

A Comparative Study of Three Multivariate Short-Term Freeway Traffic Flow Forecasting Methods With Missing Data

Short-term traffic flow forecasting is a critical function in advanced traffic management systems (ATMS) and advanced traveler information systems (ATIS). Accurate forecasting results are useful to indicate future traffic conditions and assist traffic managers in seeking solutions to congestion problems on urban freeways and surface streets. There is new research interest in short-term traffic flow forecasting due to recent developments in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technologies. Previous research involves technologies in multiple areas, and a significant number of forecasting methods exist in the literature. However, most studies used univariate forecasting methods, and they have limited forecasting abilities when part of the data is missing or erroneous. While the historical average (HA) method is often applied to deal with this issue, the forecasting accuracy cannot be guaranteed. This article makes use of the spatial relationship of traffic flow at nearby locations and builds up two multivariate forecasting approaches: the vector autoregression (VAR) and the general regression neural network (GRNN) based forecasting models. Traffic data collected from U.S. Highway 290 in Houston, TX, were used to test the model performance. Comparison of performances of the three models (HA, VAR, and GRNN) in different missing ratios and forecasting time intervals indicates that the accuracy of the VAR model is more sensitive to the missing ratio, while on average the GRNN model gives more robust and accurate forecasting with missing data, particularly when the missing data ratio is high.     

强震区隧道洞口段减震的振动台模型试验

就山岭隧道而言,洞口段往往是震害最严重的部位。为了研究强震区隧道洞口段设置减震层的减震效果,对隧道结构进行了振动台模型试验。分别从衬砌的应变、加速度方面进行了分析,结果表明:减震层的减震作用明显。最后,对试验中的地表地震裂缝的震害进行了描述。     

水运工程水下振动台的应用研究与进展

在充分了解国内外地震对水工建筑物危害程度及水下振动台应用现状的基础上,分析了水下结构物抗震设计计算与结构抗震物理模型试验的差异,阐述了在交通行业建设大型水下振动台的必要性和重要性,明确了建设水下振动台需要解决的关键技术问题,对水下振动台应用前景进行了分析。     

推移质间相互作用力研究

沉降性浆体中固体颗粒处于滑跳移运动状态时,固体颗粒将受到摩擦力的影响。推移质的整体摩擦力等于推移质间剪切力和推移质与管壁间摩擦力的和。任意推移质的剪切力与固体颗粒的体积分数成比例,由力的平衡方程可以推导出其比例系数。     

船舶前置导管流态的数值计算与分析

利用Fluent 6.0软件计算和分析了船舶螺旋桨前置导管的平面流流态.比较了安装前置导管前后船体艉部流态,发现安装后流态发生了改变,旋涡大幅减少,流速显著增加,伴流不均匀性减小.用数值方法再显了现有模型试验分析的结果.     

计算流体动力学在轨道交通环控系统分析中的应用

介绍了近年来发展较快的一种计算机辅助设计技术——计算流体动力学(CFD),并将其与世界上第一个地铁环控计算机模拟软件SES进行比较,对CFD在城市轨道交通环控系统中的应用进行了分析和探讨。     

对大学生正确掌握乒乓球正手攻球击球点的实证研究

<正>手攻球是乒乓球运动各项技术中必须要掌握的重要技术,正手攻球稳定性及准确性能力提高是决定比赛胜负的基础和根本。本文拟以两个班对照教学实验,对此问题进行实证研究。经研究发现,在来球上升初期和下降初期击球是保证攻球稳定性和成功率的关键技术。