Cost scaling based successive approximation algorithm for the traffic assignment problem

This paper presents a cost scaling based successive approximation algorithm, called ε-BA (ε-optimal bush algorithm), to solve the user equilibrium traffic assignment problem by successively refining ε-optimal flows. As ε reduces to zero, the user equilibrium solution is reached. The proposed method is a variant of bush-based algorithms, and also a variant of the min-mean cycle algorithm to solve the min-cost flow by successive approximation. In ε-BA, the restricted master problem, implying traffic equilibration restricted on a bush, is solved to ε-optimality by cost scaling before bush reconstruction. We show that ε-BA can reduce the number of flow operations substantially in contrast to Dial’s Algorithm B, as the former operates flows on a set of deliberately selected cycles whose mean values are sufficiently small. Further, the bushes can be constructed effectively even if the restricted master problem is not solved to a high level of convergence, by leveraging the ε-optimality condition. As a result, the algorithm can solve a highly precise solution with faster convergence on large-scale networks compared to our implementation of Dial’s Algorithm B.     

基于ISO26262的以太网网关硬件开发研究

文章结合以太网网关的硬件设计,阐述在得到相应安全目标后,如何基于ISO26262进行安全等级的分解、器件的选型、硬件的设计及硬件功能安全相关参数的计算.通过文章所提出的硬件设计注意事项,设计了一款满足功能安全要求的以太网网关.     

美国联邦公路局路阻函数探讨

路阻函数在交通分配过程中左右着路径的选择,目前广泛采用的路阻函数是美国公路局提出的BPR函数,但在交通分配的实践过程中使用美国公路局推荐BPR参数得到的结果并不理想。论文对国内外关于BPR函数的修正模型研究进行了介绍;分析了现存BPR模型的优点与缺陷;提出了BPR函数适用情况的思考。     

嵌入粘弹性包覆层的吸声覆盖层低频性能研究

在单层牯弹性圆柱管吸声覆盖层的基础上,发展了嵌入低剪切波波速包覆层即双层粘弹性圆柱管的吸声结构的理论模型.推导了轴对称波特征方程的低频近似解,并根据牛顿迭代法进一步计算精确解,为吸声覆盖层的低频性能快速预报提供基础.数值分析表明包覆层嵌入比例的增加、或者包覆材料剪切波速的减小能有效地改善低频吸声性能.     

Soil Body Deformation Caused by Construction of a Double-Line Shield Tunnel with Multiple Factors北大核心CSCD

Considering the influence of many factors (soil loss, frontal additional thrust, the friction force of the shield shell and the additional grouting force), a method for improving the uniform soil body movement model is pro-posed, and a mechanical calculation model is established to study the calculation method for soil body deformation caused by double-line parallel shield driving. Based on the Mindlin solutions of elastic mechanics, the theoretical solutions for soil body deformations caused by the last three factors are calculated; considering the uniform soil body movement model, the theoretical solutions for soil body deformations caused by soil loss are calculated, then the to-tal theoretical solutions for soil body deformations under multiple factors are obtained by means of superposition. The vertical surface settlement, vertical horizontal displacement, and vertical displacements of the soil body at different depths of Hangzhou Metro Line 1 are calculated to analyze the variation laws. Meanwhile the influential factors for horizontal displacement variation are studied. The research shows that with a change of depth, the settlement of the soil body changes within the scope of 10 to 13 m in the horizontal direction near where the maximum settlement occurs;the direction of the horizontal displacement of the soil body changes with a change of the positional relationship be-tween the calculation points and the tunnel; and with an increase of interval J for the two tunnels, the horizontal dis-placement of the soil body of a deep double-line tunnel decreases while the displacement near the surface changes slightly. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

聚脂纤维沥青混合料路用性能研究分析

纤维沥青混合料在高速公路建设中得到了广泛的应用。文章通过对比分析有纤维沥青混合料和无纤维沥青混合料的力学特性、水稳定性、高温稳定性、低温抗裂性能及疲劳性能,全面评价了纤维沥青混合料的优良路用性能,并简单分析了纤维改善沥青混合料路用性能的作用机理,最后从技术经济的角度,定性分析了采用聚脂纤维沥青混凝土作为高速公路沥青路面上面层的经济效益。研究表明,添加聚酯纤维后的沥青混合料具有优良的路用性能。     

我国城市现阶段经济、社会功能定位新探

在我国当前的经济建设中，城市面临着模式转型的过程，同时也面对着不断产生的一系列新矛盾和新要求。文章着重对此加以探讨，并就我国新时期城市功能的新定位提出了建设性意见。     

汽车生产企业如何构建DFMEA平台

随着全球化进程的推进,制定一个国际通用的汽车行业质量管理体系认证标准已经成为广大汽车生产厂家的共同呼声,在此背景下,ISO/TS16949在1999年应运而生。经过适应性更改,2003年ISO/TS16949:2002正式发布并沿用至今。五大工具是ISO/TS16949:2002推荐的产品策划、过程控制、实现预防为主及其测量系统评定的重要手段,是集世界汽车制造企业专家管理经验之大成而总结的产品质量管理方法,其在企业生产经营的过程中表现出来的质量控制的有效性已经经过实践再三检验。五大工具之一——设计潜在失效模式及后果分析(DFMEA)是ISO/TS16949:2002推荐的实现预防为主的重要手段。应用DFMEA可以识别、评价产品设计中潜在的失效及其后果,找到能够避免或减少这些潜在失效发生的措施。将这些分析过程文件化,这是对设计过程的完善。成功实施DFMEA的重要因素之一是及时性,它是一个"事前的行为",而不是"事后的处置",为达到最佳效益,DFMEA必须在产品设计失效模式被纳入到产品设计之前进行。ISO/TS16949:2002中有大小15个条款涉及DFMEA,其质量控制思想贯穿于TS16949标准全过程。如何快速应用DFMEA工具,在汽车产品设计过程中有效的进行质量控制,成为各大汽车生产厂家应该重点关注的问题。     

建立高速铁路立体监测诊断平台适应维护管理需要

高速铁路立体监测诊断平台是在传统的信号微机监测基础上进行深度拓展和后台开发的诊断系统。介绍了平台建立的概念,条件,基本组成和主要功能,特别对电务子系统的发展应用提出了意见和建议。     

考虑疲劳损伤约束的车辆焊接结构轻量化设计

针对车辆焊接结构轻量化与疲劳寿命问题,提出考虑焊缝疲劳损伤约束的轻量化设计方法.采用国际焊接学会(IIW)的焊接接头与部件的疲劳设计评估标准,基于迈纳尔损伤累积理论,预测焊缝的疲劳累积损伤;以结构质量最小为目标,在应力、位移等常规约束基础上,加入焊缝疲劳累积损伤约束,建立了车辆焊接结构的轻量化模型.研究基于有限元分析的结构轻量化优化设计策略,采用试验设计方法对设计空间合理抽样,以样本数据建立近似响应模型,采用数值优化算法寻优,提高复杂工程问题优化计算的效率.利用该方法对某焊接构架进行了考虑焊缝疲劳损伤约束的轻量化设计,采用均匀设计法对14个设计变量进行50次试验,以样本数据及响应值建立径向基神经网络近似模型,采用序列二次规划算法进行优化设计,质量减轻12.5%.对实例的计算证明该方法的可行性与实用性.