History of wheel/rail contact mechanics: from Redtenbacher to Kalker

The history of wheel/rail contact mechanics is an integrated part of contact mechanics. Problems of wheel/rail contact (damage phenomena and influence of contact mechanics on vehicle dynamics, especially on vehicle stability) have been investigated since the middle of the 19th Century. In 1855, Redtenbacher was the first to consider head checking. Stability investigations started with Boedecker (1887) and were continued by Carter (1916); however, they were not recognized at that time. Stability analysis was only considered to be an integrated step in vehicle design in about 1955 when stability problems started to occur in practice. The scientific foundations of our present investigations are based on Heinrich Hertz, Frederick William Carter and Hans Fromm. The key contributors to research in the last fifty years in the field of wheel/rail contact mechanics are Joost Kalker and Ken Johnson.     

基于Pro/E塑料顾问分析的塑料盒盖注射模具设计

针对传统模具设计的弊端,提出了采用模流分析技术对模具进行优化设计的思想。以Pro/E塑料顾问为平台,以塑料盒盖零件为实例,对其浇口位置进行计算机模拟分析,并在此基础上对塑料产品进行注射成型工艺模拟分析。综合分析结果有针对性地优化模具设计方案,避免了设计中的盲目性,提高了塑料产品的成型质量,减少了缺陷的产生,降低了生产成本,缩短了生产周期。     

基于组合校正的城市轨道交通列车轮轨黏着控制方法研究

为提高城市轨道交通列车轮轨黏着力的控制,针对传统组合校正法存在的缺点,对参考速度进行延时补偿、筛选及步长限制,尽可能保证参考速度的准确性;对加速度提取采用低通加高通滤波器的方法,以降低噪声影响;黏着控制过程中,根据设定周期时间内速度差估算当前轨面黏着情况,实时调整下一周期判据阈值;根据上一调节周期触发空转时刻锁存转矩和当前加速度,以及转速差采用分段斜率的方法进行转矩调节。试验结果表明:上述控制方法转矩波动小,列车运行平稳,黏着利用率得到有效提高。     

FOB条件下进口商指定货代无单放货的风险防范

FOB术语的优点在于核算报价简单,工作量较小,不需要太多的国际贸易知识和经验,但是FOB交易条件下,由买家租船订舱,对于买家来说,他们更信任关系密切合作多的货代而不是卖方,所以他们会指定他们自己合作的货代发货,货代因为被买家指定而为了更好的服务买家会对买家言听计从,包括放货,所以FOB条件存在着致命的缺陷,那就是——钱货两空.如何规避FOB术语下买方指定货代的风险？本文将着重进行这方面的探讨.     

影响港口集团间竞合关系的因素分析

港口集团竞合关系是影响港口集团建设与发展的重要环节.构建良好的港口集团竞合关系对港口城市乃至区域经济的整体发展具有十分重要的意义.本文基于波特钻石模型,分析竞争导向型要素和合作导向型要素,构建指标体系,明确影响港口集团间竞合关系的主要因素,以协调港口集团间竞合关系.     

Assessing social equity in distance based transit fares using a model of travel behavior

The goal of this study is to develop and apply a new method for assessing social equity impacts of distance-based public transit fares. Shifting to a distance-based fare structure can disproportionately favor or penalize different subgroups of a population based on variations in settlement patterns, travel needs, and most importantly, transit use. According to federal law, such disparities must be evaluated by the transit agency, but the area-based techniques identified by the Federal Transit Authority for assessing discrimination fail to account for disparities in distances travelled by transit users. This means that transit agencies currently lack guidelines for assessing the social equity impacts of replacing flat fare with distance-based fare structures. Our solution is to incorporate a joint ordinal/continuous model of trip generation and distance travelled into a GIS Decision Support System. The system enables a transit planner to visualize and compare distance travelled and transit-cost maps for different population profiles and fare structures. We apply the method to a case study in the Wasatch Front, Utah, where the Utah Transit Authority is exploring a switch to a distance-based fare structure. The analysis reveals that overall distance-based fares benefit low-income, elderly, and non-white populations. However, the effect is geographically uneven, and may be negative for members of these groups living on the urban fringe.     

脉冲编码器在港口机械上的应用

为了提升港口机械定位精确度,节约成本,丹东港在岸桥上使用了脉冲编码器。介绍了脉冲编码器的工作原理和计算方法。这项改革取得了良好的效果。     

日本铁路材料研究开发的最新动向

材料技术的进步可惠及铁路行业的诸多领域，如铁道车辆和轨道的安全性和可靠性、铁路环境如噪声和振动的评估及控制方法、结构物的维护保养技术的创新、铁道车辆能耗的降低等。本文综述了这些领域中的研究成果和研发动向。     

客车品牌整合营销传播中的项目管理应用研究

将项目管理的思想引入到客车行业的品牌整合营销传播之中,重点分析研究客车品牌整合传播中的进度控制和成本管理,以提高客车品牌营销的管理水平和传播效果。