基于GIS的公路定线多尺度评价方法

拟建公路选线主要取决于如何把地形，城市以及环境等方面的特点同几何设计方面的控制联系起来，通常，航摄照片，地形，地质和土壤等地图或数据将作为设计的参考依据。文中论述了基于GIS平台进行公路定线多尺度评价方法的可行性，并且对在此基础上发展的一种利用GIS和空间数据库进行路线走向多尺度评价的辅助决策工具。     

Integrated coastal water monitoring

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are important took for environmental monitoring and management. However, their limitations in dealing with complex, dynamic, and mission‐critical situations call for alternative approaches. Integrating GIS with dynamic simulation models offers one such solution. Numerical models that simulate physical, chemical, and biological processes greatly increase our understanding of the environment. Many of these models use refined forecast information to accurately predict processes that help in monitoring and managing the environment. Integrating these models with GIS offers new functionalities. The present research couples the MIKE21 comprehensive modeling system for two‐dimensional free surface flows with the spatial analysis strengths of the ArcView GIS. The southern coastal water system of Singapore serves as the study area. The aim is to develop a comprehensive software system that provides support for both environmental managers and land‐use planners in making their decisions.     

基于GIS和RS长江口南港冲淤变化的可视化分析

利用遥感图像反射率和实测水深值之间的相关性，建立了动量BP人工神经网络水深反演模型，对缺失的1995年的水下地形资料进行了插补，并利用插补后的1973～2003年南港水下地形资料计算了南港河段的泥沙冲淤量，分析了南港河段等深线和横断面的变化，结果表明BP人工神经网络水深反演模型能反演出研究区的水深分布情况，特别是对水深浅于-5m区域，模型反演效果更好。     

A Trip Reconstruction Tool for GPS-based Personal Travel Surveys

ABSTRACT

This article reports on the development of a trip reconstruction software tool for use in GPS-based personal travel surveys. Specifically, the tool enables the automatic processing of GPS traces of individual survey respondents in order to identify the road links traveled and modes used by each respondent for individual trips. Identifying the links is based on a conventional GIS-based map-matching algorithm and identifying the modes is a rule-based algorithm using attributes of four modes (walk, bicycle, bus and passenger-car). The tool was evaluated using GPS travel data collected for the study and a multi-modal transportation network model of downtown Toronto. The results show that the tool correctly detected about 79% of all links traveled and 92% of all trip modes.     

基于GIS平台的地铁客流预测模型构建

借助GIS平台,对公交线网进行编码,并利用ArcGis的缓冲和叠加分析工具,建立公交站点和地铁站点的空间对应关系。根据调查得到的公交线路站间OD矩阵,利用地铁意向调查标定的参数结果,得到公交客流转移到地铁的比例。基于GIS平台构建的地铁客流预测模型,可以有效地提高建模速度,并能对公交线路调整进行快速反应。     

基于GIS的高速铁路空间结构物布置方法研究

铁路空间结构物的设置考虑因素众多,在节约资金的前提下,同时确定合理的桥梁、路基、隧道方案是一种尝试;利用GIS系统中DEM数据管理及空间分析功能,提取出特定平面线路位置条件下的地面线高程数据,在满足高速铁路线路纵断面设计原则的基础上,按照工程量及工程造价最小的目标函数条件,通过编程求解出拟定坡度条件下最优的路基、桥梁、隧道长度布置方案,计算结果满足结构物布置的经济性要求。     

基于ECDIS的航线评估技术研究

通过对ECDIS航线设计功能的分析,结合舰船海上航行的相关要求和GIS的现有技术,研究了基于ECDIS的航线评估技术,建立了航线评估适用模型,为扩充电子海图系统的空间分析功能,挖掘海洋空间数据中的隐含信息,实现GIS在航海领域中的应用提供了技术支持。     

山区脆弱环境下公路选线的危险度区划

山区公路灾害的频繁发生，严重威胁着线路行车和人民生命财产安全，并严重制约着山区经济可持续发展，因此，作好山区环境脆弱区段公路的选线工作尤为重要。本文以公路环境脆弱的迫隆藏布流域为例，在分析研究了影响山区公路灾害发生发育的因素的基础上，从防灾减灾及改善公路工程对生态环境影响的角度出发，采用GIS的信息处理和空间分析方法，实现了基于山区环境脆弱区段公路选线的危险度区划。     

应用于列车控制系统的地图数据库的研究

本文叙述了一种应用于列车控制系统的铁路地图数据库的设计方法。根据铁路轨道的拓扑结构以及列车控制系统的功能要求，对铁路地图数据库的内容进行了定义，并且对其中的地图精度问题提出了解决的方法。     

Spatial impacts of road pricing: Accessibility, regional spillovers and territorial cohesion

Road pricing policies are gaining prominence in EU countries. These policies have positive impacts leading to mobility patterns which are socially and environmentally more desirable, but they also have negative impacts. One negative impact is to be found in regional accessibility, due to the increase in generalized transport costs. This study presents a methodology based on accessibility indicators and GIS to assess the accessibility impacts of a road pricing policy. The methodology was tested for the Spain’s road network considering two road pricing scenarios. It enables not only the more penalized regions to be identified but also negative road pricing spillover effects between regions. These effects are measured in terms of accessibility changes occurring in one region produced by charges implemented in another region. Finally, the study of accessibility disparities (by calculating inequality indexes for each of the scenarios considered), provides policymakers with useful information regarding the impact of road pricing policies from the point of view of territorial cohesion.