Modal shift in Eastern Germany

The economic and political reunification of Germany in 1990 unleashed a transportation revolution in Eastern Germany. After forty years of public transport dominance under socialism, auto ownership and use skyrocketed with the transition to capitalism. In only three years, ridership on public transport fell by almost 50%, and auto registrations per 1,000 population rose by almost 60%. The main reason for the sudden shift in modal split is the large increase in real per-capita incomes of Eastern Germans. Their purchasing power rose dramatically thanks to massive financial aid from Western Germany and access to hard currency for the first time. In addition, the relative cost of auto use has fallen sharply since reunification because public transport fares rose ten-fold, while gasoline prices and auto prices fell. The massive shift from public transport to the auto has caused severe problems of pollution, safety, equity, and congestion in Eastern German cities, partly because of the suddenness of the modal shift. Urban transport policy in Eastern Germany should adopt some of the strategies used for years in Western Germany to tame the automobile, while at the same time allowing high levels of auto ownership. Such strategies include auto-free zones, traffic calming, extensive bicycle pathways, vehicle emission standards, and parking restrictions. Finally, large investments will have to be made in Eastern Germany's dilapidated roadway and public transport infrastructure.     

德国不来梅物流集团公司汽车物流介绍

介绍德国不来梅物流集团公司的汽车物流公司在整车物流、物流增值服务、零部件和零配件全球配送,以及标准化和信息技术应用等方面的经验。     

《德国民法典》中的精英主义探微

法典的诞生,是人类文明开始成熟的标志。《德国民法典》是精英智慧的结晶,是精英理性、精英论战、精英立法的集中体现。在当代中国的编典过程中,法学人应秉承"数典不可忘祖"之古训,努力汲取《德国民法典》之精华,实现"从中心到边缘"的研究进路。     

德国开发更安静、更轻型货车转向架

介绍了德国开发低噪声货车转向架的设计目的、方案选择和所采用的信息技术。     

机电一体化简化了制动控制系统

介绍了机电一体化技术在机车和地铁制动控制中的应用,并分析了该技术的优点。     

New operating concepts for intermodal transport: The mega hub in Hanover/Lehrte in Germany

In intermodal logistics, combined transport operators and railway companies are engaged in the development of efficient block train concepts. The proportion of transport using single railway wagons is decreasing because of its poor time-quality ratio. In future, transport services will be focussed on industrial zones and large cities that offer the transport volumes required for direct train operation. In this regard, it will become more difficult for regions with smaller load volumes to be integrated into a combined transport network. In order to confront this trend, new concepts for bundling transport volumes have to be developed. One such concept is the 'mega hub'. The core idea is to interchange load units between several block trains during a short stop at an intermodal terminal. The paper provides an overview of the operating concept of the mega hub and the opportunities for intermodal transport operators.     

Improvement of the volume-delay function by incorporating the impact of trucks on traffic flow

In current transportation modelling, travel time is the most important factor in decisions regarding transport modes, destinations and routes. The calculation of travel time is deployed by volume-delay functions (VDFs), a sub-model of route assignment procedure, using the correlation between increasing numbers of vehicles on a road and the road's restrictive capacity. By investigating existing VDFs, a clear gap is seen, demonstrating that current functions are not suited to reflect the empirically known large impact of trucks on passenger car travel times. This issue becomes crucial when transport models are used to reflect future scenarios where goods transportation is expected to increase greatly, and when transport models combine passenger and commercial traffic. This paper presents a new VDF which successfully includes trucks’ impact on traffic flow in the case of Germany and, with slight deviations, for North America. The function is developed using ideal-type data for German motorways. The differences between German and US data and their implications for VDFs are also discussed.     

德国DLR研制的新一代列车ICE NGT

介绍了德国宇航中心（DLR）在交通和能源领域研究的最新成果——新一代列车（ICE NGT）,包括新的动车概念和牵引制动概念、创新的车体轻量化概念、空气动力学、乘客上下车时间的研究,以及优化、车辆/轨道相互作用细化建模、独立轮机电一体化单轮对走行装置的研发、寿命周期成本建模等.     

2O世纪日本与德国崛起成败比较：一种国际政治社会学分析

第二次世界大战之后,德国与日本在重新崛起的过程中确立了不同的国际地位。德国之所以成长为欧盟的核心和欧洲国际社会的领袖,在于其奉行了社会性成长道路。而日本的成长失败,主要在于其国际形象塑造方面的不力。日本虽然也有着较强的国际社会化能力,但相对于日益增高的大国社会性成长“软门槛”,显然总体上落后于德国。     

机电一体化走行装置导向性能复原装置的研究

介绍了在独立旋转车轮走行装置方面的研究成果,并探讨了一种复原装置,该复原装置既能保证车辆限界方面的要求,又能保证走行装置的抗脱轨安全性。