SCFs in tubular X-joints retrofitted with FRP under out-of-plane bending moment

This paper presents a parametric study on the stress concentration factors (SCFs) on the chord member in tubular X-connections reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) under out-of-plane bending moment. For this aim, a FE model was generated and validated using several available experimental tests. After that, a set of 276 FE models was created to evaluate the effect of the FRP (layer number, orientation, and material) and joint geometry (γ, τ, and β) on the SCFs. In these FE models, the contact between the FRP sheets and the steel members (chord, weld, and braces) was modeled. Results indicated that the rise of the FRP laminate number causes a notable drop of the SCFs, especially in the connections with big γ. Moreover, the increment of the elastic modulus of FRP along the fibers causes a notable decrease of the SCF. Results showed that, for certain geometrical parameters set, the SCF in an X-connection retrofitted with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) can be down to 23% of the SCF in the associated un-retrofitted connection. Despite the notable efficacy of the FRP sheets on the drop of the SCFs in the X-connections, there is not any study or equation on the X-connections with FRP. Therefore, an equation was proposed for quantifying the SCFs in the X-connections with FRP.     

Stress magnification effect of initial deformation on the notch stress field and fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints

Compared with thick plate welded joint, the welding joint of thin plate will produce initial deformation due to its low bending rigidity. The existence of initial deformation will cause the welded structure to produce secondary bending effect, which will produce greater stress magnification effect at the weld toe and seriously affect the fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints. Therefore, based on the correction formula of thick plate, considering the influence of initial deformation and geometric nonlinearity of thin plate, this paper deduces the stress magnification factor formula at the weld toe of T-shaped and cruciform specimens. The accuracy of the revised formula is further verified by comparing the notch stress calculated by the modified formula with the FE results. Finally, the modified formula is applied to the notch stress and fatigue evaluation of typical thin plate welded joints respectively. The results show that the proposed notch stress calculation formula can fully consider the stress amplification effect of thin plate structure, and can be used to quickly evaluate the notch stress field and fatigue strength of thin plate welded joints.     

Fluid-structure interaction and stress analysis of a floating wind turbine

In this paper, we describe a method to investigate the fluid-structure interaction of a floating wind turbine and to analyze the global deformations and the corresponding stresses with a detailed finite element model. To solve the fluid-structure interaction problem, a partitioned approach is chosen. The in-house C++ library comana, which was developed to solve multi-physic problems by coupling existing solvers, is extended to couple the fluid solver panMARE and the structural solver ANSYS. The significance of the interaction of structural deformations and the fluid loads is pointed out for the rotor of the wind turbine. In order to enable the use of a detailed finite element model in the fluid-structure interaction simulation, a model reduction method is applied in ANSYS. As a result, an efficient stress analysis can be performed under consideration of the fluid-structure interaction.     

An analytical SCF solution method for joint misalignments and application in fatigue test data interpretation

In this study, we first present a general analytical method for calculating stress concentration factors in a cruciform connection containing either axial or angular misalignment between two intercostal members through an application of Castigliano's second theorem. As such, various end restraint conditions of interest in practice can be considered with ease. Such a solution method provides stress concentration factors at intersection location not only with respect to intercostal members, but also with respect to continuous members. A comprehensive set of SCF solutions, confirmed by finite element solutions, are then presented in tabular forms which can be used as supplements to the existing SCF solutions such as those given in BS 7910 and DNV-RP-C203 for performing fatigue and fracture assessment of welded connections. Some of the existing solutions are shown to be valid only under a narrower set of conditions than documented and some seem to be in significant error. As a further demonstration of the validity of the analytical approach presented in this paper, the same analytical formulation is applied for examining interaction effects between misalignments and fatigue testing conditions, resulting in significantly improved correlation of fatigue test data obtained as a part of this study.     

饱和砂土地基应力扩散效应的离心模型试验研究

沉井基础在大跨度桥梁工程中的应用已越来越广泛。在沉井基础的沉降计算中,附加应力影响范围的确定一直是重点和难点,主要涉及应力扩散起始位置、扩散角大小和附加应力影响深度3个方面。针对目前现有理论及常用规范对确定附加应力影响范围的不适用性,开展沉井基础作用下饱和砂土应力扩散效应的研究具有十分重要的意义。通过离心模型试验开展4组不同埋置深度条件下沉井基础的静载荷试验,确定饱和砂土地基中附加应力的影响范围,试验结果可为工程设计提供依据。     

快速组合火车渡轮模型实验研究

快速组合渡轮是由两条驳船联接而成，在联接处可以纵向相对转动。根据两驳船在联接处力的传递特征，分别采用薄壁梁弯曲方程和约束扭转方程作为相似模拟的控制方程，进行了相似模型设计和实际船舶与模型的外力转换。在模型试验中，从组合渡轮的实际受力状态出发，模拟了不同的外力组合，得到了联接附体及其附近的部分船体上的应力分布规律。     

A Numerical Model Coupling Electromagnetism and Thermomechanics Application to Induction Heating Modeling

Introduction-TheinductionheatingprocessInductionheatingiswide1yusedinindustrialProcessesinvolvingmetallurgyheattreatthentsuchasquenching,hardening,brasing,Preheatinforforgillgoperations,sdsecoatinormeltnginelectromagneticcrucibles[DAV].ThemainadVatapesofinductionheatngProcessesarethefastheatinrate,greatPrecisionintheheatinlocalisation(suPefficialheatngedhighfrequencypowersuPpliesforschcetreatmentProcess),instarestart/top(nowimuPrequlredforeachcycle)andagoodreProducibilityThebasicinducton…     

Influence of mesh size,stress triaxiality and damage induced softening on ductile fracture of large-scale shell structures

In this investigation, ductile fracture in stiffened and unstiffened panels is simulated employing the fracture criterion, which depends on the mesh size, stress state and damage induced softening. The aim of the study is to show that employed fracture criterion removes mesh size effects more efficiently than traditional fracture criteria adjusted only on the basis of uniaxial tension. Fracture model is implemented into Finite Element software ABAQUS using user-defined material, VUMAT-subroutine, available for shell elements. Mesh size sensitivity analysis is carried out. Finite element simulation results are validated with experimental measurements available in literature. Comparison of numerical and experimental results shows that simulations effectively capture most of the experimentally observed features, especially when considering different mesh densities. In most cases, mesh size effects are considerably reduced compared with the fracture criteria adjusted on the basis of a uniaxial tension.     

氧分离器腐蚀失效分析

通过金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜试验、扫描俄歇微探针，X射线衍射试验对氧分离器腐蚀失效进行了全面分析，讨论了其腐蚀失效的原因和机理，并提出了改进措施。     

岩石蠕变对隧道二次衬砌结构影响的研究

岩石蠕变是岩石的重要力学特征之一.在隧道开挖完之后的很长时间内,围岩会因为蠕变而进行应力调整,蠕变产生的荷载由隧道的初期支护和二次衬砌联合承担.在隧道设计中往往将二次衬砌作为安全储备,而没有分析围岩蠕变荷载对二次衬砌的影响,因此分析隧道二次衬砌受力以及健康程度随时间的变化是十分有必要的.文章结合泥巴山隧道工程,利用大型有限差分软件FLAC3d的Burgers蠕变模型,分析了不同时间蠕变对围岩应力重分布以及对二次衬砌的力学性能的影响,得出了一些有价值的结论.