Stress concentration factors at welds in pipelines and tanks subjected to internal pressure and axial force

In this paper, analytical expressions for stress concentration factors in pipes subjected to internal pressure and axial force are derived for a number of design cases based on classical shell theory. The effect of fabrication tolerances in simple butt welds is assessed. Analyses based on classical mechanics are compared with results from axisymmetric finite element analyses for verification of the presented methodology. Stress concentration factors are presented for circumferential butt welds in pipes welded together from pipes with different thicknesses, welds at buckling arrestors, welds at flanged connections in pipelines, and welds at ring stiffeners on the inside and the outside of the pipes. It also includes stress concentration factors at end closures in pipes for gas storage. Larger pipes are fabricated from plates with a longitudinal weld. This fabrication process introduces out-of-roundness in the pipes. The actual out-of-roundness is a function of internal pressure. An analytical expression for the bending stress in the pipe wall due to this out-of-roundness is presented. The derived stress concentration factors can be used together with a hot spot stress S–N curve for calculation of fatigue damage.     

提速转向架焊接构架疲劳寿命的实用分析方法

评估随机载荷作用下焊接构架的疲劳强度,并开展随机载荷下焊接构架疲劳寿命及可靠性研究。提出焊接构架疲劳控制部位的确定方法。开发用于采集应力时间历程的多通道、能连续十几小时工作的数据采集系统,研究了多种提高数据可靠性技术。建立基于累积破坏率的非线性二维疲劳累积操作准则及可靠性分析判据,在此基础上建立疲劳寿命及可靠性分析模型。对焊接构架用16MnR钢两种常用接头进行了系统的疲劳试验研究,得出接头疲劳性能数据曲面。对提速客车所用的209HS型转向架焊接构架的疲劳寿命及可靠性进行分析计算,得出可靠度为50%条件下大约可以运用5 75年;在99%的可靠度下,只能运用2 47年的结论。     

摩托车油门把套内芯断裂分析及质量改进

用Nylon 6设计的产品回用料不能超标,它是保证产品性能的前提条件;在制造过程中蒸煮工序的时间、温度是保证Nylon 6产品质量合格的关键;用Nylon 6设计产品时,应注意工艺性,特别是在设计拉线槽时,应圆角过渡,防止应力集中。     

基于ANSYS的十字接头焊应力集中系数研究

利用ANSYS有限元软件的参数化设计语言(APDL)编程进行数值模拟计算,研究了十字接头工作应力分布及应力集中系数的影响因素,得出一系列应力集中系数样本。通过对样本进行曲线拟合分析,得出与实际基本一致的应力集中系数变化规律,从而证明ANSYS可以辅助实际工艺的优化。     

温度荷载下沥青路面表面裂缝扩展的数值模拟

文章基于线弹性断裂力学的有限元法,对沥青路面开裂以后的温度应力及裂缝在温度作用下的扩展规律、裂缝尖端的应力强度因子及其与路面温度分布和路面材料特性等参数之间的关系进行了数值分析。结果表明,合理设计沥青面层的厚度和优选温缩性小的路面材料是提高沥青路面抗裂性能的重要方法。     

碎裂岩质高边坡锚杆应力的监测分析

高边坡的现场监测是一个系统工程,文章以西攀高速公路为例,结合高边坡施工期监测锚杆的应力状态和受力原因,建立锚杆应力测值统计模型,分析了开挖、温度、时效变形这三种因素对锚杆应力影响的规律,并对锚固效果和边坡稳定性进行了评价。     

Stresses and Shear Fracture Zone of Jinshazhou Tunnel Surrounding Rock in Rich Water Region

Field evidence has shown that large-scale and unstable discontinuous planes in the rock mass surrounding tunnels in rich water region are probably generated after excavation. The tunnel surrounding rock was divided into three zones, including elastic zone, plastic damage zone and shear fracture zone fof assessing the stability of the tunnel surrounding rock. By local hydrogeology, the stresses of surrounding rock of Jinshazhou circular tunnel was analyzed and the stress solutions on the elastic and plastic damage zones were obtained by applying the theories of fluid-solid coupling and elasto-plastic damage mechanics. The shear fracture zone generated by joints was studied and its range was determined by using Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion. Finally, the correctness of the theoretical results was validated by comparing the scopes of shear fracture zones calculated in this paper with those from literature.     

Finite element analysis of rotary blanking: Effects of punch geometries on cutting area and stress distribution

It is essential to develop efficient and cost-effective production methods to achieve or maintain international competitiveness. An innovative production method, such as rotary blanking, enables manufacturers to both reduce expenses and economize production time. However, there are not enough numerical analyses for this process. In this paper, numerical simulations of rotary blanking were performed. After comparing the cutting planes generated by conventional and rotary blanking experimental tests, the cutting areas of two punch geometries were analyzed. The influence of punch geometry on part quality was then investigated through simulations. The procedure for die stress analysis was established and stress distributions of the worksheet and the tools were analyzed.     

Vfp调用EXCEL生成自卸车举升机构数据报表与特性曲线

运用Vfp调用Excel电子表格生成自卸车举升机构数据报表及各点受力、液压缸等特性曲线图,是一个先利用VFP6.0进行数据计算,再调用EXCEL生成数据报表典例。     

On stress concentration factors for tubular Y- and T-Joints in frame structures

This paper is written as a result of some years experience with fatigue analysis of offshore jacket structures where the connections are made as tubular joints. The hot spot stresses at the tubular joints in such analysis are normally derived based on parametric equations for stress concentration factors. These stress concentration factors are normally related to the axial force in the brace. It is observed that the hot spot stresses at the crown positions of the tubular joint in some cases are significantly affected by the local loading on the chord and the bending moment in the chord. In order to use the existing formulae in these cases some engineering effort is required to derive correct hot spot stress. This work can be avoided by using the nominal stress in the chord as the basis for calculating the hot spot stress at the crown position instead of using the axial force in the brace as basis for the analysis. This also extends the validity of the equations for stress concentration factors for T- and Y- joints in design standards. The proposed modification makes it also simpler to include the effect of joint flexibility in a proper way. The basis for a proposed revision of the equations for stress concentration factors for these joints is presented in this paper. It is considered that this modification leads to minor changes of the computer code, but that it will save analysis work for engineers and reduce the possibility of calculating incorrect fatigue lives in tubular frame structures.