基于车-地通信的朔黄铁路列车追踪优化研究

为优化朔黄铁路列车追踪,通过增加地面调度优化系统和车载辅助智能操控系统,建立基于LTE-R网络的连续车-地通信,使车载设备获得更多的前方线路信息,并实时监督列车的追踪间隔,从而实现列车精确定位以及临时限速和行车许可即时传递,通过比对分析,优化后不仅能提高效益,更能保证列车运行安全。     

模坑隧道防排水优化设计与施工

就模坑隧道防排水优化设计与施工实践进行了阐述。     

High-Speed Rail Operations on an Existing Network: An Assessment Model for China

High-speed rail operations have the potential to reduce the long-term decline in rail passenger travel demand for the medium to long distance inter-urban markets. Such decline has been evident through most of the industrialized countries where air and road transport tend to be the dominant modes. In China, the operations of long distance high-speed rail on fully dedicated track is not very easy to implement, due to the high proportion of passengers who travel between high-speed and conventional railways. An alternative approach would be to allow for mixed operations with trains of various speeds on the same track. This article puts forward a simulation model designed to allow an evaluation of the most efficient distance for high-speed rail operations under mixed train speed scenarios. The model takes into account the main operating parameters such as passenger volumes, train speeds, capital and maintenance costs, train operating costs and energy consumption. The distance of high-speed train running on conventional rail that will yield the most economic benefit can be estimated using the model. The article includes the results of using the model for a specific example. It is concluded that large-scale high-speed trains have the potential to be successfully operated on conventional rail networks.     

高速铁路ZPW-2000A轨道电路故障分析及监测优化

针对客专ZPW-2000A轨道电路故障处理时,仅靠监测手段不能准确区分室内外故障,需要人工测量,处理时间普遍较长的问题,通过分析信号集中监测系统及轨道电路原理,提出在既有监测系统基础上,增设接收电缆模拟网络监测点的优化措施;同时对轨道电路故障进行模拟试验,分析发生故障时各监测点的数据,总结不同种类故障发生时的规律;最后以2个实际案例验证了优化措施的效果。     

Optimal combinations of selected tactics for public-transport transfer synchronization

Handling efficiently and effectively real-time vehicle control is of major concern of public transport (PT) operators. One related problem is on how to reduce the uncertainty of simultaneous arrivals of two or more vehicles at a transfer point. Improper or lack of certain control actions leads to have missed transfers, one of the undesirable features of the PT service. Missed transfers result in increase of passenger waiting and travel times, and of passenger frustration. This work focuses on reducing the uncertainty of missed transfers by the use of control tactics in real-time operation. The developed model improves the PT service performance by optimally increasing the number of direct transfers and reducing the total passenger travel time. This model consists of two policies built upon a combination of two tactics: holding and skip-stop/segment, where a segment is a group of stops. The implementation of the concept is performed in two steps: optimization and simulation. The optimization searches for the best combination of operational tactics. The simulation serves as a validation of the optimal results under a stochastic framework. A case in Auckland, New Zealand is used. The results show that by applying the holding-skip stop, and holding-skip segment tactics the number of direct transfers are increased by about 100% and 150%, and the total passenger travel time is reduced by 2.14% and 4.1%, respectively, compared with the no-tactic scenario. The holding-skip segment tactic results with 47% more direct transfers than the holding-skip stop tactic for short headway operation.     

Influence of initial distortion of 3 mm thin superstructure decks on hull girder response for fatigue assessment

This paper investigates the influence of initial distortion of 3 mm thin superstructure decks on hull girder response and fatigue assessment. Part of the traditional superstructure of a prismatic passenger ship is replaced by thin decks with initial distortion amplitude of 0, 1 and 2 times the IACS limit value for thicker plates, i.e. 0, 6 and 12 mm. Both geometrically linear and nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis is used. For reference also traditional superstructure with 5 mm plate thickness is analyzed. Thin straight superstructure decks give 43% of weight reduction and carry approximately 30% less load than corresponding thick straight decks in traditional model. The load that is not carried by thin decks is divided between other traditional decks. The redistribution of forces also happens at the deck level between plates, stiffeners, girders and longitudinal bulkheads. The presence of initial distortion with the shape of one half wave between web frames and stiffeners causes an additional few percent-decrease in forces carried. The results and conclusions are similar for hogging and sagging loading conditions and differences between geometrically linear and nonlinear FE analysis are very small. This means time saving since the panel loading for fatigue assessment can be defined from geometrically linear hull girder response analysis without considering the initial distortions.     

Eco-driving: An economic or ecologic driving style?

In this work the trade-off between economic, therefore fuel saving, and ecologic, pollutant emission reducing, driving is discussed. The term eco-driving is often used to refer to a vehicle operation that minimizes energy consumption. However, for eco-driving to be environmentally friendly not only fuel consumption but also pollutant emissions should be considered. In contrast to previous studies, this paper will discuss the advantages of eco-driving with respect to improvements in fuel consumption as well as pollutant gas emissions. Simulating a conventional passenger vehicle and applying numerical trajectory optimization methods best vehicle operation for a given trip is identified. With hardware-in-the-loop testing on an engine test bench the fuel and emissions are measured. An approach to integrate pollutant emission and dynamically choose the ecologically optimal gear is proposed.     

Locating charging infrastructure for electric buses in Stockholm

Charging infrastructure requirements are being largely debated in the context of urban energy planning for transport electrification. As electric vehicles are gaining momentum, the issue of locating and securing the availability, efficiency and effectiveness of charging infrastructure becomes a complex question that needs to be addressed. This paper presents the structure and application of a model developed for optimizing the distribution of charging infrastructure for electric buses in the urban context, and tests the model for the bus network of Stockholm. The major public bus transport hubs connecting to the train and subway system show the highest concentration of locations chosen by the model for charging station installation. The costs estimated are within an expected range when comparing to the annual bus public transport costs in Stockholm. The model could be adapted for various urban contexts to promptly assist in the transition to fossil-free bus transport. The total costs for the operation of a partially electrified bus system in both optimization cases considered (cost and energy) differ only marginally from the costs for a 100% biodiesel system. This indicates that lower fuel costs for electric buses can balance the high investment costs incurred in building charging infrastructure, while achieving a reduction of up to 51% in emissions and up to 34% in energy use in the bus fleet.     

铁路调度通信系统的运用与优化

调度通信系统是铁路行车调度指挥的重要组成部分,论述了铁路专用调度通信设备的技术发展历程,针对高铁客专、干线、支线等不同线路主要运用模式和技术特点,提出调度通信系统适应性的发展趋势及技术实现方案。     

铁路路堑挡雪墙设计参数优化数值模拟

风吹雪往往在铁路路堑地段形成较厚的积雪,掩埋线路,影响行车速度,危及行车安全,研究其具有重要的现实意义。基于FLUENT软件,模拟研究不同挡雪墙高度、不同风速下,挡雪墙背风侧风雪两相流的运动特性及挡雪墙参数优化设计。研究表明,风雪流初始速度一定时,挡雪墙背风侧积雪宽度随挡雪墙高度增大而变大,沉积在床面上的雪粒更多,阻雪效果越好;挡雪墙高度一定时,背风侧积雪宽度随风雪流速度的增加逐渐增大,挡雪墙距线路的距离也应越大。在综合考虑工程造价和挡雪效果的基础上,挡雪墙设计时,高度宜在2.5~3.5m,高度越高,风速越大,挡雪墙距线路的距离应越大,一般在20~35m即可。