Perspectives of English Language News

English isused more than any other languages, so all of usshould get a good command of it in order to be more competitive in thissociety. There're many waysto master this language, but through reading English language newspaper, with which we have so much contact everyday, is obviously more convenient and interesting. English language newspaper contain several parts, the features of each of them will be analyzed in this thesis together with a specific piece of news. Furthermore, some effective methods of reading and understanding English lan-guage newswill be proposed.     

非对称小净距隧道施工力学特性研究及方案优化

非对称小净距隧道合理的开挖顺序对隧道围岩稳定和支护措施优化有很大的影响。文章结合净距2.0 m非对称公路隧道工程实践,通过二维弹塑性有限元数值仿真模拟,研究分析了隧道开挖顺序对支护力学行为特性及围岩稳定性的影响,得出了先开挖较小断面隧道优于先开挖较大断面隧道的结论,为非对称小净距隧道优化设计和施工提供了科学依据。     

基于NURBS的船体曲面切割和排板技术的探讨

船体曲线和曲面的分割与曲面排板是船舶计算机辅助设计与制造中的一项关键技术。本文使用一种新的算法实现了船体NURBS曲面的切割以及外板曲面的生成,并对某集装箱船的船体曲面和船体某外板曲面进行了计算,验证了该算法的正确性和可行性。     

基于遗传算法的机车二系支承载荷调整优化方法

为了改善机车轮轴重量分配的均匀性,从分析机车二系支承结构出发,建立二系载荷分布弹簧高度调整模型,提出应用遗传算法实现机车二系支承点加垫高度值的快速优化计算。针对机车二系支承载荷分布多维参数优化问题的特点,给出基于实数编码的改进遗传算法模型。对国产SS9,SS3b型机车实际应用,可使二系支承载荷分布最大误差进一步减小8%～15%,平均计算过程时间减少约20%。结果表明这种方法克服了基于误差梯度信息迭代搜索求解支承点加垫最佳值算法的不足,在获得一致的全局优化(近似)解,以及在减小运算时间、提高调簧算法的可靠性和实时性等方面具有明显的效果。     

空间多万向节传动布置的优化设计

本文从控制振源降低万向节传动引起的传动系与整车振动噪声出发,提出了空间多万向节传动最优布置的数学模型,选择了适用的优化算法,编出了相应的程序。实例计算表明,所提优化设计方法实用、可行,具有足够精度,所编程序计算速度快,使用方便,便于推广。     

CA4DC1柴油机配气机构设计

CA4DC1型柴油机是在CA498柴油机基础上开发的能够满足欧Ⅲ排放法规要求的柴油机.介绍了该柴油机在配气机构总体布置、气门组零件设计、气门传动机构设计、凸轮型线设计等方面所作的改进.     

船舶抗沉计算与决策模型研究

船舶抗沉计算和决策是及时、准确地进行损管行动的基础。依据不沉性理论、数值分析、专家系统和多目标决策理论,建立了船舶的抗沉计算模型和抗沉方案优选决策模型,并以某型船舶为实例进行了数值仿真,结果表明了模型的可行性和有效性。     

Simultaneous optimization of transit line configuration and passenger line assignment

Passenger transportation in most large cities relies on an efficient mass transit system, whose line configuration has direct impacts on the system operating cost, passenger travel time and line transfers. Unfortunately, the interplay between transit line configuration and passenger line assignment has been largely ignored in the literature. This paper presents a model for simultaneous optimization of transit line configuration and passenger line assignment in a general network. The model is formulated as a linear binary integer program and can be solved by the standard branch and bound method. The model is illustrated with a couple of minimum spanning tree networks and a simplified version of the general Hong Kong mass transit railway network.     

Dynamic change of aircraft seat condition for fast boarding

Aircraft boarding is a process mainly impacted by the boarding sequence, individual passenger behavior and the amount of hand luggage. Whereas these aspects are widely addressed in scientific research and considered in operational improvements, the influence of infrastructural changes is only focused upon in the context of future aircraft design. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the innovative approach of a Side-Slip Seat, which allows passengers to pass each other during boarding. The seat holds the potential to reduce the boarding time by approx. 20%, even considering operational constraints, such as passenger conformance to the proposed boarding strategy. A validated stochastic boarding model is extended to analyze the impact of the Side-Slip Seat. The implementation of such fundamental change inside the aircraft cabin demands for adapted boarding strategies, in order to cover all the benefits that accompany this new dynamic seating approach. To reasonably identify efficient strategies, an evolutionary algorithm is used to systematically optimize boarding sequences. As a result, the evolutionary algorithm depicts that operationally relevant boarding strategies implementing the Side-Slip Seat should differentiate between the left and the right side of the aisle, instead of the current operationally preferred boarding from the back to the front.     

艇体变形对轴系校中的影响

艇体变形是影响轴系校中质量的重要因素,以深水潜器为研究对象,通过建立潜器的三维有限元模型,提出利用弹簧约束调节潜器重力与浮力平衡的方法,分析潜器处于正浮状态时,在重力、浮力和静水压力作用下的艇体变形,得出潜器轴系各个轴承的位移数据,并分析轴承位移造成的轴承负荷变化。为艇体变形影响下的潜器轴系校中提供依据。分析结果表明：耐压艇体内的轴承位移要小于耐压艇体外,支撑轴承的艇体结构的差异会导致轴承位移大小的不同,从而导致各个轴承负荷变化也不一样,艇内液舱的不对称布置会导致位于该液舱上轴承产生较大的横向位移和横向轴承负荷。