复杂环境下地铁暗挖车站双侧壁导坑法支撑体系优化

重庆轨道交通10号线工程渝北广场站为大断面暗挖隧道,车站位于重庆市区繁华地段,为保证车站隧道的安全施工以及邻近既有建筑结构的安全,对暗挖隧道开挖施工方案进行优化设计。采用Midas GTS有限元数值软件,对弧形壁(原双侧壁)和直壁法(双侧壁)开挖方案进行全过程动态模拟,结合监控量测数据,综合对比分析隧道变形和支护结构内力。结果表明,本工程地质条件下,采用直壁法施工方案切实可行,研究成果可为类似地质条件中大断面隧道施工方案的优化设计和最终决策提供参考。     

阶梯钻的外圆磨削加工及工艺改进

阶梯钻是由各种不同直径的外圆复合组成,有二级钻、三级钻和多阶梯钻等.阶梯钻有钻孔和扩孔2种功能,可实现1支钻头钻出不同孔径的孔,钻大孔时无须更换钻头,省时、省力、省材料、功效高.阶梯钻多数用在生产流水线、多工位专用机床或数控机床上.     

一种船舶浮态计算新方法

本文介绍了一种基于四面体网格的船舶浮态优化计算方法，并以某梯形船为例进行了浮态计算。     

互联网DNS的运维风险与优化方案分析

互联网业务是未来电信行业的发展方向,互联网域名解析系统（DNS）作为互联网业务的支撑系统,必须与电信运营企业的业务发展需要相适应。简要分析了运营企业当前DNS系统存在的运维风险,并针对系统的问题提出了优化方案建议。     

改善信号供电电源质量的装置

在铁路行车信号设备运行中，安全可靠供电是保证铁路运输的基础。在利用接触网作为信号设备第2路电源时，既有接触网供电装置由于没有对电源的电压波动、干扰谐波进行净化处理，经常出现烧坏设备的情况，急需进行优化改造。采用直流环节实现输入电压和输出电压解耦装置，有效地解决了输入电压品质差的问题。     

佛莞城际铁路长隆站平面优化设计研究

为了在满足长隆地下站运输需求的基础上,尽量缩小车站规模,降低工程投资,从整个珠三角城际网的交路设置、车站折返能力、折返线有效长度等主要技术参数入手,分析长隆站在整条线路及整个城际线网中的功能定位和对整个线网的灵活性、适应性的影响,对长隆站平面布置进行多方案技术经济比选,并通过对折返线有效长进行优化特殊设计,即列控系统采用虚拟一定线路长度数据的方法,推荐的车站布置满足长隆站折返能力的需求,并大大降低车站规模,节省工程投资。     

Joint optimization of freight facility location and pavement infrastructure rehabilitation under network traffic equilibrium

Establishment of industry facilities often induces heavy vehicle traffic that exacerbates congestion and pavement deterioration in the neighboring highway network. While planning facility locations and land use developments, it is important to take into account the routing of freight vehicles, the impact on public traffic, as well as the planning of pavement rehabilitation. This paper presents an integrated facility location model that simultaneously considers traffic routing under congestion and pavement rehabilitation under deterioration. The objective is to minimize the total cost due to facility investment, transportation cost including traffic delay, and pavement life-cycle costs. Building upon analytical results on optimal pavement rehabilitation, the problem is formulated into a bi-level mixed-integer non-linear program (MINLP), with facility location, freight shipment routing and pavement rehabilitation decisions in the upper level and traffic equilibrium in the lower level. This problem is then reformulated into an equivalent single-level MINLP based on Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions and approximation by piece-wise linear functions. Numerical experiments on hypothetical and empirical network examples are conducted to show performance of the proposed algorithm and to draw managerial insights.     

A new offline optimization approach for designing a fuel cell hybrid bus

In this study a hydrogen powered fuel cell hybrid bus is optimized in terms of the powertrain components and in terms of the energy management strategy. Firstly the vehicle is optimized aiming to minimize the cost of its powertrain components, in an official driving cycle. The optimization variables in powertrain component design are different models and sizes of fuel cells, of electric motors and controllers, and batteries. After the component design, an energy management strategy (EMS) optimization is performed in the official driving cycle and in two real measured driving cycles, aiming to minimize the fuel consumption. The EMS optimization is based on the control of the battery’s state-of-charge. The real driving cycles are representative of bus driving in urban routes within Lisbon and Oporto Portuguese cities. A real-coded genetic algorithm is developed to perform the optimization, and linked with the vehicle simulation software ADVISOR. The trade-off between cost increase and fuel consumption reduction is discussed in the lifetime of the designed bus and compared to a conventional diesel bus. Although the cost of the optimized hybrid powertrain (62,230 €) achieves 9 times the cost of a conventional diesel bus, the improved efficiency of such powertrain achieved 36% and 34% of lower energy consumption for the real driving cycles, OportoDC and LisbonDC, which can originate savings of around 0.43 €/km and 0.37 €/km respectively. The optimization methodology presented in this work, aside being an offline method, demonstrated great improvements in performance and energy consumption in real driving cycles, and can be a great advantage in the design of a hybrid vehicle.     

Scheduling freight trains traveling on complex networks

In the US, freight railways are one of the major means to transport goods from ports to inland destinations. According to the Association of American Railroad’s study, rail companies move more than 40% of the nation’s total freight. Given the fact that the freight railway industry is already running without much excess capacity, better planning and scheduling tools are needed to effectively manage the scarce resources, in order to cope with the rapidly increasing demand for railway transportation. This research develops optimization-based approaches for scheduling of freight trains. Two mathematical formulations of the scheduling problem are first introduced. One assumes the path of each train, which is the track segments each train uses, is given and the other one relaxes this assumption. Several heuristics based on mixtures of the two formulations are proposed. The proposed algorithms are able to outperform two existing heuristics, namely a simple look-ahead greedy heuristic and a global neighborhood search algorithm, in terms of railway total train delay. For large networks, two algorithms based on the idea of decomposition are developed and are shown to significantly outperform two existing algorithms.     

Prediction of hull girder moment-carrying capacity using kinematic displacement theory

The hull girder moment capacity of a very large crude oil carrier (VLCC) called Energy Concentration (EC), for which many benchmark studies have been carried out using the simple progressive collapse method (SPCM), is predicted. In this study, three approaches are used to represent the load-shortening behavior, so-called average compressive strength, of a stiffened panel, comprising the hull section: 1) kinematic displacement theory (KDT); 2) nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA); and 3) simple formulas in the common structural rule (CSR) for tankers. Load-shortening curves for various kinds of stiffened panels in EC are compared for five different scenarios with variations of load-shortening approaches and initial imperfections. In order to verify the effect of load-shortening on the prediction accuracy of the hull girder moment-carrying capacity, load-shortening curves are imported into an SPCM-based in-house program called Ultimate Moment Analysis of Damaged Ships (UMADS). Comparison of the hull girder ultimate strength for general heeling conditions, including hogging and sagging conditions, reveals that the load-shortening curves significantly affect the hull girder moment-carrying capacities. Based on our comparison of these capacities with other benchmark results, it is concluded that nonlinear FEA provided the most conservative results, KDT provided the second most conservative results, and the CSR formulas predicted the upper bound.