破损船体剩余强度衡准研究

本文研究了船体破损非对称淹水和刚度损失引起的船体外载荷变化,并利用破损船体非对称弯曲极限强度计算方法详细分析碰撞、搁浅和爆炸破损对船体极限强度的影响.然后基于破损船体极值载荷和极限强度,给出破损船体剩余强度衡准,并对破损船体临界海况进行预报.     

A finite element model for the Venice Lagoon. Development, set up, calibration and validation

The development, calibration and validation of a two-dimensional finite element model for the Venice Lagoon is described. The model uses a staggered grid for the spatial integration of the water levels and velocities. A semi-implicit numerical time stepping scheme is implemented, which guarantees unconditional stability for the gravity wave propagation. Because of the shallow depths in the lagoon, the model deals also with areas where flooding and drying occur.A first calibration of the model has been performed against harmonic constants of 12 tide gauges located in the lagoon. After this calibration, model output shows a good agreement with a set of water level data referring to a period of calm winds and to another data set of water level data measured in 38 stations during a period of strong winds.Meteorological data and river discharges are used to set up a 1-year long simulation that models the salinity and temperature fields. The temperature time evolution is well simulated. Comparison of model output to salinity data is not straightforward, since input data for the main rivers that discharge freshwater into the lagoon is not available for the year of reference. However, yearly averages of observed values of salinity are in a reasonable agreement with results of a climatological simulation.The presented model shows good propagation of the tidal wave and stability characteristics. It is the first step for a comprehensive model of the Venice Lagoon that deals not only with hydrodynamic variables, but also with sediment transport and ecological processes.     

舰船主体结构流体冲击响应主动控制方法和分析

本文以探索性的方式提出了一种有效降低高速舰船主体结构流体冲击瞬态响应的主动最优控制方法,讨论了最优控制原理、观测器和作动器的设计,建立了一套舰船主体结构流体冲击瞬态响应控制仿真系统。通过对一艘实船的仿真分析给出了一些有理论和实际意义的结论。     

基于地震引起动水作用的深海斜拉桥抗震性能研究

目前,深海大跨斜拉桥正在不断建设,其跨度的变化以及所处的深水环境使得在地震作用下桥梁受力更加复杂,地震作用下不但要考虑桩-土的相互作用,还要考虑地震引起的动水压力对结构的影响。为了分析地震引起的动水作用对斜拉桥动力特性和地震响应的影响程度,以及不同水深下动水力对深海斜拉桥地震响应的变化规律,基于一座现代大跨深水斜拉桥为工程背景,利用有限元软件建立三维模型,采用"m"法来考虑桩-土相互作用,用基于Morison方程的附加质量法来考虑地震引起的动水压力,结果表明动水对结构地震特性有较大影响,因此在斜拉桥抗震设计时动水作用不可忽略。     

船首形状对船-冰碰撞性能的影响研究

基于冰的各向同性弹性断裂模型,分别以船首的初速度和冰的厚度为变量,采用LS-DYNA非线性有限元软件对不同船首形状与冰排碰撞问题展开数值模拟研究。研究结果表明,不同形状船首在相同工况下其破冰距离、受到的冰载荷以及能量变化有显著差异。前倾首、飞剪首的破冰能力比直立首、球鼻首强,随着船首初速度的增大、冰厚的增加,飞剪首的破冰能力逐步好于前倾首,球鼻首的破冰能力逐步好于直立首。本文研究对于航行于季节性冰区的船舶具有一定的指导意义。     

拉杆载荷测量与调节的实现

以一个实例详尽介绍了岸边集装箱起重机拉杆受载的检测原理以及提供了如何实现对称拉杆受载均匀的方法。     

纤维增强复合材料疲劳渐进破坏过程的Monte-Carlo模拟

基于纤维增强复合材料的热/机械疲劳损伤机理,考虑纤维强度的统计特性和金属基体循环响应的特征,发展了纤维断裂、基体和界面局部循环塑性以及基体/纤维脱粘等细观模式控制的疲劳破坏分析模型,结合Monte-Carlo方法研究了复合材料在循环载荷作用下的渐进破坏过程和疲劳行为,将纤维的统计强度、基体热塑性以及界面特性与复合材料的疲劳寿命定量地联系起来。     

Enrichment, concentration and retention processes in relation to anchovy (Engraulis ringens) eggs and larvae distributions in the northern Humboldt upwelling ecosystem

A Lagrangian model is used to simulate and quantify in the northern Humboldt upwelling ecosystem the processes of enrichment, concentration and retention, identified by Bakun [Bakun, A., 1996. Patterns in the ocean. Ocean processes and marine population dynamics. University of California Sea Grant, California, USA, in cooperation with Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas de Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico, 323 pp.] as being important for the survival and recruitment of early life stages of pelagic fish. The method relies on tracking the positions of particles within water velocity fields generated by a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. Simple criteria for considering particles as participating to enrichment, concentration or retention are used to derive indices of the three processes. We analyse the spatial distribution of and seasonal variability in these indices. The results are discussed in relation to anchovy (Engraulis ringens) eggs and larvae distributions off Peru, and to a comparable study conducted in the southern Benguela upwelling ecosystem.     

导流帽对螺旋桨水动力性能的影响研究

采用CFD仿真方法研究了安装在调距桨油缸外的导流帽对螺旋桨水动力性能的影响,研究发现导流帽对桨叶受力影响较小,但导流帽降低了桨毂的阻力,使得整个推力增大,推进效率有所提高。进速系数较大时,导流帽对叶根区域压力分布有一定影响,但总的来说导流帽对叶根区域流动影响较小。