深基坑提前拆除钢筋混凝土支撑后的稳定性检算

支撑体系是深基坑施工过程中安全性的必要保证,而作为临时结构的支撑,当施工进展到一定阶段后,将对主体结构顶部钢筋混凝土施工存在干扰,需要拆除支撑结构才有利于展开施工。主要介绍青岛北客站地铁站深基坑顶部钢筋混凝土支撑拆除的两种计算方式,分理论计算和根据现场实测值计算。两种计算方法的分析结果表明,基坑稳定性都满足要求。该站采用对钢筋混凝土支撑“隔一拆一”的施工方案,改善了操作空间,保证了施工质量。     

基于LS-DYNA的客车侧翻自动分析

根据ECER66对客车侧翻进行仿真,使用ANSA脚本开发客车侧翻自动分析模块,应用LS-DYNA进行分析,该模块得到验证。应用该模块可提高分析效率,并为流程自动化提供参考。     

长途客车制动性能模拟计算分析

针对长途客车行驶过程中频繁出现的由于制动性能而导致的安全隐患,为了进一步完善和提高车辆制动性能参数的设计效率,建立了长途客车整车动力学计算模型,制动系统动力学模型以及轮胎模型,并在Visual C++环境下编写了长途客车制动性能模拟计算系统,通过模拟计算分析获得长途客车制动过程中的制动性能参数及响应曲线,并判断其是否符合相关制动性标准,为制动性能的完善提供了可靠、有效的参考。     

Roll- and pitch-plane coupled hydro-pneumatic suspension

Passive fluidically coupled suspensions have been considered to offer a promising alternative solution to the challenging design of a vehicle suspension system. A theoretical foundation, however, has not been established for fluidically coupled suspension to facilitate its broad applications to various vehicles. The first part of this study investigates the fundamental issues related to feasibility and properties of the passive, full-vehicle interconnected, hydro-pneumatic suspension configurations using both analytical and simulation techniques. Layouts of various interconnected suspension configurations are illustrated based on two novel hydro-pneumatic suspension strut designs, both of which provide a compact design with a considerably large effective working area. A simplified measure, vehicle property index, is proposed to permit a preliminary evaluation of different interconnected suspension configurations using qualitative scaling of the bounce-, roll-, pitch- and warp-mode stiffness properties. Analytical formulations for the properties of unconnected and three selected X-coupled suspension configurations are derived, and simulation results are obtained to illustrate their relative stiffness and damping properties in the bounce, roll, pitch and warp modes. The superior design flexibility feature of the interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspension is also discussed through sensitivity analysis of a design parameter, namely the annular piston area of the strut. The results demonstrate that a full-vehicle interconnected hydro-pneumatic suspension could provide enhanced roll- and pitch-mode stiffness and damping, while retaining the soft bounce- and warp-mode properties. Such an interconnected suspension thus offers considerable potential in realising enhanced decoupling among the different suspension modes.     

Assessment of the influence of the elastic properties of rail vehicle suspensions on safety,ride quality and track fatigue

A sensitivity analysis has been performed to assess the influence of the elastic properties of railway vehicle suspensions on the vehicle dynamic behaviour. To do this, 144 dynamic simulations were performed modifying, one at a time, the stiffness and damping coefficients, of the primary and secondary suspensions. Three values were assigned to each parameter, corresponding to the percentiles 10, 50 and 90 of a data set stored in a database of railway vehicles. After processing the results of these simulations, the analysed parameters were sorted by increasing influence. It was also found which of these parameters could be estimated with a lesser degree of accuracy in future simulations without appreciably affecting the simulation results. In general terms, it was concluded that the highest influences were found for the longitudinal stiffness and the lateral stiffness of the primary suspension, and the lowest influences for the vertical stiffness and the vertical damping of the primary suspension, with the parameters of the secondary suspension showing intermediate influences between them.     

Railway wheel-flat and rail surface defect modelling and analysis by time–frequency techniques

Damage to the surface of railway wheels and rails commonly occurs in most railways. If not detected, it can result in the rapid deterioration and possible failure of rolling stock and infrastructure components causing higher maintenance costs. This paper presents an investigation into the modelling and simulation of wheel-flat and rail surface defects. A simplified mathematical model was developed and a series of experiments were carried out on a roller rig. The time–frequency analysis is a useful tool for identifying the content of a signal in the frequency domain without losing information about its time domain characteristics. Because of this, it is widely used for dynamic system analysis and condition monitoring and has been used in this paper for the detection of wheel flats and rail surface defects. Three commonly used time–frequency analysis techniques: Short-Time Fourier Transform, Wigner–Ville transform and wavelet transform were investigated in this work.     

A study on high-speed rolling contact between a wheel and a contaminated rail

A 3-D explicit finite element model is developed to investigate the transient wheel–rail rolling contact in the presence of rail contamination or short low adhesion zones (LAZs). A transient analysis is required because the wheel passes by a short LAZ very quickly, especially at high speeds. A surface-to-surface contact algorithm (by the penalty method) is employed to solve the frictional rolling contact between the wheel and the rail meshed by solid elements. The LAZ is simulated by a varying coefficient of friction along the rail. Different traction efforts and action of the traction control system triggered by the LAZ are simulated by applying a time-dependent driving torque to the wheel axle. Structural flexibilities of the vehicle–track system are considered properly. Analysis focuses on the contact forces, creepage, contact stresses and the derived frictional work and plastic deformation. It is found that the longitudinal contact force and the maximum surface shear stress in the contact patch become obviously lower in the LAZ and much higher as the wheel re-enters the dry rail section. Consequently, a higher wear rate and larger plastic flow are expected at the location where the dry contact starts to be rebuilt. In other words, contact surface damages such as wheel flats and rail burns may come into being because of the LAZ. Length of the LAZ, the traction level, etc. are varied. The results also show that local contact surface damages may still occur as the traction control system acts.     

Findings from subjective evaluations and driver ratings of vehicle dynamics: steering and handling

This paper investigates subjective assessments (SA) of vehicle handling and steering feel tests, both numerical and verbal, to understand drivers’ use of judgement scales, rating tendencies and spread. Two different test methods are compared: a short multi-vehicle first-impression test with predefined-driving vs the standard extensive single-vehicle free-driving tests, both offering very similar results but with the former saving substantial testing time. Rating repeatability is evaluated by means of a blind test. Key SA questions are identified by numerical subjective assessment autocorrelations and by generating word clouds from the most used terms in verbal assessments, with both methods leading to similar key parameters. The results exposed in this paper enable better understanding of SA, allowing improving the overall subjective testing and evaluation process, and improving the data collection and analysis process needed before identifying correlations between SA and objective metrics.     

Study on the derailment behaviour of a railway wheelset with solid axles in a railway turnout

ABSTRACT

Dynamic wheel–rail interaction in railway turnouts is more complicated than on ordinary track. In order to evaluate the derailment behaviour of railway wheelsets in railway turnouts, this paper presents a study of dynamic wheel–rail interaction during a wheel flange climbs on the turnout rails, by applying the elasticity positioning wheelset model. A numerical model is established based on a coupled finite element method and multi-body dynamics, and applied to study the derailment behaviour of a railway wheelset in both the facing and trailing directions in a railway turnout, as well as dynamic wheel–turnout rail interaction during the wheel flange climbing on the turnout rails. The influence of the wheel–rail attack angle and the friction coefficient on the dynamic derailment behaviour is investigated through the proposed model. The results show that the derailment safety for a wheelset passing the railway turnout in facing direction is significantly lower than that for the trailing direction and the ordinary track. The possibility of derailment for the wheelset passing the railway turnout in facing and trailing directions at positive wheel–rail attack angles will increase with an increase in the attack angles, and the possibility of derailment can be reduced by decreasing the friction coefficient.     

公交人文覆盖率及其计算方法研究

为克服现行评价城市公交覆盖水平的核心指标只基于供给角度,忽略公交服务效率和不同区域民众出行需求各异的局限性,从公交供给和居民出行需求角度出发,兼顾公交服务的普遍性与效率性,提出并构建了公交人文覆盖率指标,探索通过选取不同人文因子以计算公交人文覆盖率的方法。研究结果表明：公交人文覆盖率指标比现行的公交覆盖率指标更能体现公交服务水平,将公交人文覆盖率指标纳入城市公交覆盖水平的评价体系有助于抑制“为覆盖率而覆盖”的盲目行为,对提高公交资源的利用率有积极意义。