沉船水下开孔抽油技术研究现状与展望

沉船中常含有大量的残油,对海洋环境造成巨大威胁,因此快速安全得对沉船进行开孔抽油作业具有重要意义。通过对现有沉船水下开孔抽油技术装备的分类综述和分析,剖析国内外作业装备的优缺点,并总结出水下开孔抽油中涉及的关键技术及其特点,根据现有作业方法与研究成果,提出了沉船水下开孔抽油技术未来研究发展方向,水下开孔抽油能力的提升是我国发展战略的重要组成部分,也为我国“海洋强国”战略的实现提供了可靠的技术保障。     

UR-S11A对大型集装箱船结构设计的影响研究

国际船级社协会针对集装箱船的新标准UR-S11A已于2016年7月1日正式生效,其对大型集装箱船结构设计的具体影响值得研究。以一艘13 500 TEU集装箱船为例,首先分析了UR-S11A相比UR-S11和劳氏船级社(LR)规范在强度校核上的差异,然后通过对总纵屈服强度、屈曲强度和极限强度的研究分析了新标准对船体结构的影响。结果表明,UR-S11A对在0.3~0.4船长处船体梁的总纵弯曲和极限强度的要求更高,部分纵舱壁板与外板的剪切和屈曲强度以及双层底桁材纵骨的屈曲强度受新规范影响较大。     

Optimal reefer slot conversion for container freight transportation

Given a fleet of container ships of varying capacity, a cost-efficient approach for improving fleet utilization and reducing the number of delayed containers is to optimize the sequence of container ships in a given string, a problem which belongs to the large ship-deployment class. A string sequence with ‘uniformly’ distributed ship capacity is more likely to accommodate a random container shipment demand. The number of one’s total ship slots acts as a gauge of the capacity of the container ships. Meanwhile, there are two types of ship slots: dry slots and reefer slots. A dry slot only accommodates a dry container, while a reefer slot can accommodate either a dry or a reefer container. The numbers of dry and reefer slots for ships in a string are different. Therefore, in this study, we propose a model that considers both dry and reefer slots and use it to elucidate the optimal ship-deployment sequence. The objective is to minimize the delay of dry and reefer containers when the demand is uncertain. Furthermore, based on the optimal sequence deduced, the study also investigates the need to convert some dry slots to reefer slots for the container ships.     

Uncertainty analysis of the large zone economic module of the simple,efficient, elegant,and effective model (SE3M) of land use and transportation

Integrated land use and transportation forecasting models are used to assist decision-makers in the policy analysis and infrastructure capital improvement selection process. These models are typically given precise, point-estimate inputs that are mathematically linked, through a series of submodels, to forecasted model outputs. These point-estimate inputs represent an unrealistic level of precision and a growing body of research is focusing on statistical techniques to model uncertainty in model inputs and parameters and tracking the effects of this uncertainty through the various submodels to the model outputs. This paper presents an uncertainty analysis of the Large Zone Economic Module (LZEM) of the Simple, Efficient, Elegant, and Effective Model (SE³M) of land use and transportation. Three case-study implementations of the model are used to obtain a reasonably sound approximation of how uncertainty affects LZEM outputs: Guam, Puerto Rico, and Oahu, Hawaii. These case studies were the subject of an early transferability study with SE³M and were selected based on both their insularity and diverse physical, economic, and demographic geographies. The findings of this research demonstrate that LZEM has a robust framework, with the potential to estimate error both in the positive and negative direction under uncertain input/parameter conditions.     

24m桥式散粮作业架的设计与模拟分析

介绍了从散粮架桥架的结构选择,桥架受力分析,桥架梁高度、强度、刚度及整体稳定性的验算,桥架局部结构的处理,散粮架有限元模拟分析等几方面着手,设计出跨度为24m的散粮作业架,满足5万t级以上大型散杂货船舶装卸需要。     

大口径管井井点降水在沉井施工中的应用

介绍在淤泥质土层中下沉大型沉井时,采用大口径管井井点降水方法的理由和设计过程。施工实践表明该法有效地降低了地下水位,避免沉井在下沉和封底的过程中发生涌水、涌泥,确保了施工安全。     

一种无触点补偿式交流稳压器的设计

针对可控硅的缺点,提出了一种采用IGBT的无触点补偿式交流稳压器的设计。为了提高补偿精度,采用了3个独立的补偿变压器,通过单片机控制IGBT来调节变压器的绕组组合,从而实现输出电压的稳定。最后给出系统的硬件、软件实现。搭建了三相30kVA的无触点交流稳压器试验平台,试验表明,该方案是切实有效的。     

MIKE21 HD计算原理及应用实例

简要说明平面二维水流数学模型MIKE21的功能和应用情况,较详细地介绍该软件中的水动力学模块(HD模块)的计算原理和计算参数,以渤海湾大范围潮流场和天津港国际邮轮码头工程港池小范围潮流场数值模拟为例,展示该模型的模拟效果。结果表明,该模型可较好地反应实际情况。随着计算机技术的发展,数学模型和数值试验在科学研究、工程设计中的地位和作用不断提高,将水动力数值模拟全过程设计成软件包,配合良好的前、后处理工具,降低技术门槛,可使其通用性大大加强,是未来水动力数值模拟发展的方向。     

纵摇低磁舰船的涡流磁场计算

低磁材料舰船的磁性防护要求高,其中摇摆产生的涡流磁场占总磁场的比例很大,正确分析其涡流磁场具有重要意义。以低磁旋转椭球壳作为船体模型,从涡流磁场的电磁场方程及涡流密度的边值问题出发,建立了地磁场中纵摇旋转椭球壳涡流磁场的数学模型,利用分离变量法对涡流电流进行了求解,从而根据毕奥-萨伐定律推导出旋转椭球壳纵摇至任意角度产生的涡流磁场,为低磁钢壳体舰船纵摇的涡流磁场分析论证提供了理论基础。     

内河钢质船舶完工总纵强度的校核

《钢质内河船舶建造规范》(2009)引入了用理论计算方法对船舶总纵强度进行校核,船舶空船重量及空船重量沿船长方向分布的变化对船舶总纵强度的影响在所难免。通过对多艘不同类型船舶的完工总纵强度核算,笔者统计发现由空船重量及其沿船长分布的变化在一定范围内引起的各种应力仍能满足规范要求的。