An integrated framework for embedding large-scale dynamic traffic assignment models in advanced traveler information systems

In recent years, increasing attention has been drawn to the development of various applications of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), which are credited with the amelioration of traffic conditions in urban and regional environments. Advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) constitute an important element of ITS by providing potential travelers with information on the network's current performance both en-route and pre-trip. In order to tackle the complexity of such systems, derived from the difficulty of providing real-time estimations of current as well as forecasts of future traffic conditions, a series of models and algorithms have been initiated. This paper proposes the development of an integrated framework for real-time ATIS and presents its application on a large-scale network, that of Thessaloniki, Greece, concluding with a discussion on development and implementation challenges as well as on the advantages and limitations of such an effort.     

Developing an enhanced weight-based topological map-matching algorithm for intelligent transport systems

Map-matching (MM) algorithms integrate positioning data from a Global Positioning System (or a number of other positioning sensors) with a spatial road map with the aim of identifying the road segment on which a user (or a vehicle) is travelling and the location on that segment. Amongst the family of MM algorithms consisting of geometric, topological, probabilistic and advanced, topological MM (tMM) algorithms are relatively simple, easy and quick, enabling them to be implemented in real-time. Therefore, a tMM algorithm is used in many navigation devices manufactured by industry. However, existing tMM algorithms have a number of limitations which affect their performance relative to advanced MM algorithms. This paper demonstrates that it is possible by addressing these issues to significantly improve the performance of a tMM algorithm. This paper describes the development of an enhanced weight-based tMM algorithm in which the weights are determined from real-world field data using an optimisation technique. Two new weights for turn-restriction at junctions and link connectivity are introduced to improve the performance of matching, especially at junctions. A new procedure is developed for the initial map-matching process. Two consistency checks are introduced to minimise mismatches. The enhanced map-matching algorithm was tested using field data from dense urban areas and suburban areas. The algorithm identified 96.8% and 95.93% of the links correctly for positioning data collected in urban areas of central London and Washington, DC, respectively. In case of suburban area, in the west of London, the algorithm succeeded with 96.71% correct link identification with a horizontal accuracy of 9.81 m (2σ). This is superior to most existing topological MM algorithms and has the potential to support the navigation modules of many Intelligent Transport System (ITS) services.     

基于HLA的智能交通信息试验平台研究

从智能交通信息平台的概念出发,研究利用已有的智能交通系统资源建立智能交通信息试验平台。首先对比分析了已有的平台体系结构开发方法,即面向过程的开发方法和面向对象的开发方法,两者都已不能适应复杂大系统的开发需求。通过引入计算机建模与仿真领域的HLA（高层体系结构）技术,创造性地提出了基于HLA的体系结构开发方法,结合信息试验平台需求分析,设计了智能交通信息试验平台的逻辑结构。平台分4层来组织,分别是基础数据层、数据库层、应用服务层和用户主体层,在若干接口程序的衔接下,各类联邦成员协同作用以实现信息平台的功能。结合现有的技术设备条件,实现了信息平台的物理连接。平台搭建后运营正常,已接入信息平台的ITS系统包括车载导航系统和城市商用车辆调度系统,并为其他子系统的接入预留了接口。     

一类含特殊路段的城市干道协调控制方法研究

在分析特殊路段交通特性及需求的基础上,对一类含特殊路段的城市干道协调控制方法进行了研究,提出基于主动性思维设计控制策略。通过干道协调控制人为调节关联交叉口交通阻抗来影响用户的交通行为选择,从而在某种程度上限制特殊路段交通的过度增长,在保障路段交通安全的基础上充分发挥交通效益。针对南方某城市隧道的实地情况和流量数据,设计出根据流量和排队长度两个参数综合选择实时控制方案的方法,进而说明该控制方法的具体实现及仿真效果。试验证明该方法对一类含特殊路段的城市干道协调控制具有指导意义。     

基于非参数回归的快速路行程速度短期预测算法

基于北京市快速路上的检测器所采集的历史数据，经过数据筛选，剔除判别，小波滤噪平稳处理，聚类分析等过程，建立了交通状态演变系列的历史样本数据库。基于所构建的历史数据库，通过数值试验，确定了状态向量、距离匹配原则，K近邻值等参量，构建了一种基于K近邻的非参数回归短时交通预测模型，实现了对路段行程速度的短时预测。最后，利用随机选取的历史数据系列对预测模型的精度进行了检验。结果表明，预测算法的精度可以达到90％以上，可以很好地满足ITS应用系统对于交通预测数据的精度要求。     

上海市城市道路交通信息平台系统分析与设计

提出了上海市城市道路交通信息平台的系统目标，确定了系统覆盖范围和用户分级。在此基础上，建立了上海城市道路交通信息平台总体框架和网络构架，提出了系统数据要求，并分别对系统安全可靠性和子系统功能模块进行设计。     

基于ITS的汽车安全行驶状况在线监测系统的研究

提出基于ITS（智能交通系统）的车辆安全行驶状况在线监测系统框架，对车辆行驶中的异常现象进行实时监测。提出从之前测的汽车操纵稳定性和制动性能参数出发，对悬架、转向、制动、车轮等安全总成及其部件进行状态监测的观点。综合运用遗传算法、小波变换和神经网络等技术，在汽车运行中对其进行安全监测。最后借助汽车动态模拟国家重点实验室的ADSL模拟器，对研究的核心部分进行试验验证，结果表明本文提出的监测方案是可行的。     

车载资通信服务发展议题分析与因应

继计算机、通信及消费性电子3C产品之后,第4C车用电子之车载机（on-board unit,OBU）资通信整合应用服务是政府与国内外产业界均十分关注的发展领域,同时也是智能型运输系统（in-telligent transportation system,ITS）、Telematics与信息通信界共同瞩目的焦点。因此,希望能够掌握无线通信、车载机、无线上网、交通资通平台与交通实时信息加值之发展趋势,并分析提供用路人实时交通信息、以及建立产业加值链之相关议题,以促使ITS相关产业及服务之永续发展。     

短波信道模型仿真及其改进算法研究

文章介绍了Watterson信道模型的特性,并以ITS宽带信道模型为基础,提出了一种改进的窄带短波信道模型,并经过适当的近似与简化,得到了适于计算机仿真的实现结构,改进的窄带短波信道模型考虑了各个传媒模式内的时延扩展,消除了Watterson模型的使用限制,能够仿真更为广泛的短波信道条件。     

智能交通在上海城市快速路网运行管理中的应用

从分析上海城市快速道路交通管理的需求入手,对系统功能、总体结构和核心交通流算法模型进行了介绍。这些理论、方法指导规划了上海高架道路先进的交通管理系统实施方案,并集成于延安高架道路上完成了先进的交通管理系统示范工程,显示了良好的社会、经济效益。