深潜器等厚导管螺旋桨敞水性能计算分析

文章利用三维设计软件系统SolidWorks对No.37 Ka4-70导管螺旋桨进行了三维实体建模,并对某深潜器使用的No.37导管外形进行了等厚处理。利用计算流体力学软件Fluent对两组导管螺旋桨模型进行了敞水数值模拟,得到了导管螺旋桨的推力,扭矩及其效率,并与图谱数据对比,证明了文章数值方法的有效性。比较数据分析了No.37导管等厚变化对ROV推进性能的影响,总结了No.37 Ka4-70等厚导管螺旋桨的优缺点。     

公路隧道衬砌厚度不足对衬砌安全性影响

针对Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级围岩两种不同的支护形式,建立衬砌厚度不足计算模型.在有无病害条件下,比较隧道衬砌各位置的内力和安全系数,并根据衬砌厚度不足病害程度和宽度,采用数值计算的方法,分析公路隧道衬砌厚度不足对衬砌安全性的影响.分析结果表明:隧道衬砌边墙、拱腰和拱顶的弯矩、剪力和轴力都比较大,属于病害发生的敏感部位;隧道衬砌出现厚度不足病害时,安全系数显著减小;衬砌安全系数随着病害程度的加剧,左边墙呈线性减小,而拱腰和拱顶呈曲线形减小;衬砌安全系数随着病害宽度的增加,先是显著减小,最后又有小幅增长,但整体呈减小趋势;随着病害区域从边墙向拱顶转移,衬砌受影响的范围逐渐增大.     

预应力混凝土T梁防纵裂的保护层厚度计算

讨论了引起混凝土预应力T梁纵向开裂的原因,分析了张紧的预应力钢束对梁体上拱变形的反向作用和受压混凝土由泊松效应引起的横向拉应变作用,并结合理论分析和数值方法提出了考虑上述作用下T梁预应力管道的最小保护层厚度的计算公式。     

多层住宅轻钢结构静力计算程序设计

本文重点介绍了多层住宅轻钢结构的受力特点、截面形式和静力计算理论;提出了将普通钢结构程序修改为多层住宅轻钢结构程序的具体流程．为多层住宅轻钢结构程序的进一步发展提供参考．     

轿车车身结构修改灵敏度分析

建立某国产普通轿车白车身的有限元模型,预测分析其静态弯曲特性和扭转特性,在此基础上对白车身各部件刚度和强度的灵敏度进行分析,并将分析结果应用于板厚优化。优化结果表明:通过对灵敏部件的板厚修改,白车身的强度和刚度性能得到显著提高,为车身的优化设计提供参考。     

基于半刚性基层的长寿命沥青混凝土路面有限元分析

利用三维有限元对采用半刚性基层的长寿命路面结构进行了分析计算。结果表明：对于采用半刚性基层的路面结构,如果想达到长寿命路面的要求,必须加厚沥青联结层厚度。     

隧道二次衬砌欠厚整治施工技术

以新建成贵铁路隧道二衬施工质量缺陷整理为背景,首先对隧道衬砌缺陷等级分类及判定进行介绍,总结铁路隧道拱墙衬砌厚度轻微缺陷量化指标;然后按衬砌欠厚的轻微等级和欠厚以上轻微等级两类对整治工艺流程及施工方法进行详细论述,并重点对素混凝土、钢筋混凝土衬砌拆换及注意事项进行分析,给出衬砌整治的施工方法,使衬砌厚度缺陷问题得到较好的处理,达到使用及安全安全,对以后同类型隧道衬砌缺陷整治方案有一定指导和借鉴价值。     

沥青混合料油膜厚度计算方法

为了精确计算沥青混合料油膜厚度,考虑了矿粉粒度、沥青混合料压实程度和沥青比例的影响,采用HORIBA-300型激光散射粒度分布分析仪对矿粉的粒度进行测量,分析了矿粉粒度的尺寸范围,提出了沥青隔离膜的概念,建立了沥青油膜厚度计算模型。采用旋转压实仪成型沥青混凝土试件,对比分析了沥青油膜的计算值与实际测量值。分析结果表明:采用新的油膜公式反算的沥青用量范围为4.55%～4.85%,采用传统方法反算的沥青用量范围为4.20%～5.20%,而试验最佳沥青用量为4.70%,显然新方法精度高。     

Investigations on the ship-ice impact: Part 1. Experimental methodologies

In the structural design of the Polar Class ships, glancing impact with ice has been considered as the governing load scenario for dimensioning the bow structure. At present, non-linear transient dynamic analysis has been reckoned as a fundamental requirement in the assessment of the structural strength of ships with higher ice classes. Under such requirement, understanding of the dynamic characteristics of the ship-ice impact load appears significant importance. The present study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of the impact loads by simulating the glancing impact events between a polar research vessel and giant ice floes in ice tank. The ship-ice impact loads were recorded by a grid-based tactile sensor attached on the bow area of the model ship. To achieve a reasonable simulation on the design scenario described by the IACS Unified Requirements for Polar Class Ships (UR I), a series of methodological calibration tests were preliminarily carried out to determine the key parameters that should be carefully monitored and controlled, accompanying with thorough discussions on the ship-ice impact process. This paper provides detailed information on the preliminary methodological calibrations and the tactile data processing techniques, including the identification of the ship-ice contact area, the depiction of the ice loading trail and the outline of the spatial distributions of local ice pressures. A companion paper provides detailed analyses and discussions regarding the spatial and temporal variation of the ice impact loads from the formal tests based on the proposed testing procedures obtained by the methodological calibrations.     

On maximum forces exerted by floating ice on a structure due to constrained thermal expansion of ice

The problem of interaction between a floating ice cover and an engineering structure is considered, in which the ice–structure contact forces are caused by an increase in ice temperature due to solar radiation in situations, when the lateral thermal expansion of ice is constrained. The focus is on the determination of the maximum thermally-induced horizontal force exerted on a structure wall, assuming that the magnitude of this force is bound by the smallest force capable of fracturing the ice cover due to its buckling. The ice cover is modelled as a rectangular plate of uniform thickness, with its four edges being constrained by vertical rigid walls, and it is assumed that ice deforms, and eventually fails, by the mechanism of viscous creep buckling. The plate is subjected to in-plane axial compressive stresses developing in ice to prevent its thermal expansion due to solar heating, and is transversely (vertically) bent by the forces caused by the reaction of underlying water. The floating ice is treated as a material whose elastic and viscous properties depend on temperature and the ice porosity, and therefore they vary with time and the depth of ice. The results of numerical simulations, conducted for a variety of the ice plate horizontal dimensions, thicknesses and daytime temperature-change scenarios, illustrate the evolution of the plate deflection surface prior to its failure, and show the time variation of the maximum forces exerted by ice on a structure wall as functions of the ice thickness and maximum daytime temperature rise at the top surface of ice.