汽车侧碰MDB蜂窝铝材料力学特性试验研究

通过准静态压缩、动态冲击、铝箔拉伸等试验,对EEVC的侧面碰撞用移动变形壁障(MDB)蜂窝铝材料力学特性进行了研究。准静态压缩试验分析了MDB蜂窝铝材料在W、T、L 3个方向上的静态强度特性;动态冲击试验分析了蜂窝铝材料在厚度方向的动态强度相对于静态强度的变化;铝箔拉伸试验分析了构成MDB的2种铝箔材料的拉伸强度特性。试验结果表明,构成MDB的4个蜂窝铝块的静强度变化趋势基本相同;W向的变形对T向的强度没有影响;应变率使蜂窝铝材料的冲击强度高于静强度。     

基于视频检测的交通冲突判别方法和模型

为了克服交通冲突传统人工判别方法的缺陷,提出了基于视频检测的交通冲突发生判别的基本流程,将交通冲突发生的判别划分为交通参数的视频检测、坐标变换和交通冲突判别3个阶段。在借助OpenCV和Matlab标定工具箱进行交通实体检测和坐标变换的基础上,建立了以冲突角度、速度和距离等指标为核心的交通冲突综合判别模型,并通过现实场景验证该模型的有效性。     

The dynamic response of rail support

This research reviews principles behind the dynamic response of rail supports, and introduces a method of analysis to find the maximum response in a realistic setting. Assuming a time-dependent, moving mass with massive wheels is essential, because the ratio of the moving mass to the rail mass is significant. However, the dynamic response of the track is not affected by dynamic properties of the train other than its unsprung mass, because the natural frequencies of the train suspension and track are significantly different. A numerical method is developed to model the dynamic response based on these principles, and applied to the Korean urban transit. The dynamic response includes multiple peaks with a large amplitude range, creating noise while the wheel passes the support. The dynamic impact factor (DIF) for the rail support depends mainly on the stiffness and damping of the rail support. The DIF for the rail moment is below the code value, whether this value is based on numerical analysis or on-site measurements. However, our numerical analysis results in a DIF for support settlement that is greater than the code value, if the damping is less than 3%.     

Investigation of the effects of sleeper-passing impacts on the high-speed train

The sleeper-passing impact has always been considered negligible in normal conditions, while the experimental data obtained from a High-speed train in a cold weather expressed significant sleeper-passing impacts on the axle box, bogie frame and car body. Therefore, in this study, a vertical coupled vehicle/track dynamic model was developed to investigate the sleeper-passing impacts and its effects on the dynamic performance of the high-speed train. In the model, the dynamic model of vehicle is established with 10 degrees of freedom. The track model is formulated with two rails supported on the discrete supports through the finite element method. The contact forces between the wheel and rail are estimated using the non-linear Hertz contact theory. The parametric studies are conducted to analyse effects of both the vehicle speeds and the discrete support stiffness on the sleeper-passing impacts. The results show that the sleeper-passing impacts become extremely significant with the increased support stiffness of track, especially when the frequencies of sleeper-passing impacts approach to the resonance frequencies of wheel/track system. The damping of primary suspension can effectively lower the magnitude of impacts in the resonance speed ranges, but has little effect on other speed ranges. Finally, a more comprehensively coupled vehicle/track dynamic model integrating with a flexible wheel set is developed to discuss the sleeper-passing-induced flexible vibration of wheel set.     

新西海桥的振动特性及舒适性评价研究

以日本首座公路钢管混凝土拱桥——新西海桥为对象,进行该桥的自由振动特性分析,采用考虑路面不平整的桥梁与车辆相互作用力学模型,分析了在移动车辆作用下该桥的动力特性,包括冲击系数和舒适度评价。研究结果表明,在移动车辆作用下钢管混凝土拱桥主跨的拱肋和桥面冲击系数都较小,钢管混凝土拱肋的振动小于主桥桥面的振动。从振动舒适性的观点看,采用纵横梁格构桥道体系的新西海桥在车辆荷载作用下拱肋、桥面和人行桥均满足舒适性要求,具有较好的行车性能。     

水泥混凝土路面MHB法碎石化环境影响分析与评价

为了掌握既有水泥混凝土路面MHB法碎石化改造时对周围环境的振动特点与影响范围,采用高精度震动测试仪对水泥混凝土路面MHB法碎石化时的施工振动特点、影响范围等进行了现场施工监测。对试验段现场振动测试的振动加速度时程曲线、加速度衰减特性曲线和加速度峰值随振中距衰减曲线的变化进行了对比、分析。表明采用MHB法对旧混凝土路面碎石化施工时所产生的机械振动加速度衰减速度很快,且具有冲击和瞬态振动的特点,对以填方为主在路堤边坡和挖方路堑边坡的安全影响范围与岩土体性质密切相关。通过试验建立了填方路基和挖方边坡的水平加速度和垂直加速度与MHB法碎石化振中距间的负指数和对数关系式,确定了混凝土路面MHB法碎石化振动对填方路基下边坡和挖方路堑上边坡上建筑物影响范围和最小安全距离,分别为5.5 m和25 m。     

从LS-DYNA到PAM-CRASH的模型转换及侧面碰撞仿真

研究了有限元模型从LS-DYNA向PAM-CRASH的转换方法,利用该方法成功实现了某轿车整车模型的转换。在转换模型的基础上,通过加入车门内饰、假人和移动障碍壁模型,建立了完整的整车侧面碰撞模型。将仿真计算结果和整车试验测试数据进行比较,验证了模型的有效性。     

陕西秦巴山区公路斜坡灾害发育规律的研究

秦巴山区是我国著名的山地灾害多发区.为了研究该区域公路斜坡的成灾机制和发育规律,通过对陕南G316国道早阳～蜀河段斜坡灾害的实地调查,总结了斜坡灾害点的基本情况,指出研究区的地形地貌、地质构造、气象水文等地质环境条件有利于斜坡灾害的孕育.在此基础上,进一步研究了坡度、坡高、坡向及坡形等基础因子对斜坡稳定性的影响,并提出了各影响因子的优势度.     

石河道大桥桩基础施工

针对卵石地层桩基础成孔问题,根据石河道大桥实际施工实践介绍了应用冲击钻孔的方法加以解决的施工方法,并着重分析了该方法的工艺流程和内容,以及施工中的注意事项.     

重型汽车荷载作用下简支梁桥的动力反应分析

基于结构动力学理论，视桥梁与车辆为一个相互作用的整体系统，建立了桥梁在移动车辆荷载作用下振动的计算模式。在分析中，汽车采用2轴模型，桥梁结构模拟为梁单元，统一列出车桥系统的动力方程，编制了计算程序。对实际预应力混凝土简支箱梁桥在重型汽车作用下的动力冲击效应进行了计算，并与轻型汽车荷载作用下产生的动力冲击系数进行了比较。