大型LNG船液舱晃荡载荷及响应模型试验研究

液舱晃荡是大型液化天然气船液舱设计中的重要问题之一,具有强非线性和离散性,很难确定其载荷值.为了研究大型液化天然气船液舱晃荡冲击载荷及其对结构的响应,文章开展了典型菱形液舱的三维晃荡模型试验,获得了大型LNG船液舱在各种运动模式下的流体拍击舱壁的冲击载荷特性以及液舱围护系统结构在晃荡冲击载荷作用下的动响应特征.     

闸墙碰撞分析及其混凝土性能指标研究*

针对Ⅲ级船闸,采用有限元方法分析闸室墙面遭受设计最大吨级船舶以最大碰撞角度和规范规定的最大航速碰撞闸墙时的内部应力分布情况,发现闸室混凝土结构采用常规的C25强度等级不足以保证闸墙表面承受碰撞时引起的压应力和拉应力.同时,依据有限元分析结果得到闸墙混凝土需要满足的各项强度指标,并且通过实际工程的现场试验研究验证了新老混凝土粘结强度指标的可靠性,为船闸工程设计和结构修复提供可靠依据.     

Financing Beach Improvements: Comparing Two Approaches on the Georgia Coast

Fifty-five percent of Georgia's developed coastline has been armored with various types of erosion protection devices. This article is about beach improvement projects at Jekyll Island that would operate under (a) a nourishment policy or (b) a retreat policy. Benefits are calculated from an intensive, on-site survey of beach visitors and the costs are calculated from observable sources. Two financing methods are considered: general revenue and user fee financing. The analyses imply recommending beach improvement as an effective policy within the considered time frame.     

Analysis of Coastal Wetland Changes Using the “DPSIR” Model: A Case Study in Xiamen,China

Over the past several decades, human activities have had significant impacts on coastal wetlands worldwide. Here, using a model of “Drivers-Pressures-State-Impacts-Responses (DPSIR)” and data collected from coastal wetlands in Xiamen, China, we have analyzed temporal changes in regional coastal wetland ecosystem structure and function from 1950 through 2005. The study period was divided into four parts for comparative analysis: pre-1980s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000 to present. Our results show that anthropogenic drivers of coastal wetland degradation in this region have increased substantially since 1950, and that this is correlated with a decline in coastal wetland function over the same period.     

中国新型极地考察船冰载荷预估研究

本文针对中国新型极地考察船所受冰载荷进行了研究,其中包含了平整冰阻力和浮冰碰撞力.对于船舶设计者和建造者来说,船舶冰载荷的预估非常重要.本文采用经验公式方法计算了该船在平整冰中航行的冰阻力,并且与模型试验结果进行了对比.结果显示,计算和试验结果中的冰阻力都随船舶航行速度的增大而增大,经验公式方法可以预测出合理的平整冰阻力.通过计算得到了该船的性能曲线,即该船在不同厚度平整冰中航行所能达到的速度.此外,本文还考虑了该船与圆形浮冰之间的三维斜向碰撞问题,采用解析方法评估了浮冰对船舶的撞击力,研究了撞击位置、法向框架角度以及浮冰尺寸对碰撞力的影响.基于计算结果,本文就冰载荷的预测进行了讨论并提出了一些建议.     

基于有限元分析的船用配电板抗冲击设计

本文介绍某船配电板抗冲击设计.通过对现有冲击计算方法的理论分析,选取了一种适合某配电板冲击仿真的计算方法并对配电板研制阶段进行了抗冲击性能分析及优化,减小了系统冲击响应.产品在国家标准要求下进行了冲击试验,实验结果满足工程设计实际需求,为后续同类产品设计及优化提供了理论支撑与设计参考.     

基于蒙特卡洛法的抛锚撞击海管概率分析

针对船舶抛锚撞击海底管道事故频发,撞击概率计算过程较复杂且适用范围有限的问题,对现有方法进行改进,基于蒙特卡洛方法建立抛锚统计试验模型,对某一条件下船舶抛锚对海底管道的撞击概率进行计算,结果表明:对现有方法进行改进或利用蒙特卡洛方法能较好地反映船舶抛锚对海底管道的撞击概率变化特性,可应用于危险区域的抛锚预警和海上禁锚区的设置。     

聚脲涂层舷侧板架抗撞性能试验研究

针对船舶舷侧结构抗碰撞问题,开展有无聚脲涂层舷侧板架落锤试验研究。以某型舰船结构为依据建立舷侧板架有限元模型,利用瞬态动力学软件MSC/Dytran对模型进行数值仿真并确定落锤高度及试验工况。在此基础上,制作模型板架进行有无聚脲涂层舷侧板架落锤冲击试验,分别获得有涂层和无涂层舷侧板架在碰撞冲击载荷作用下的损伤变形、破口大小及碰撞力,对比研究聚脲材料的抗撞防护性能。结果表明,聚脲涂层的存在能够加强舷侧板架的耐撞防护性能。     

Stakeholder Perspectives on the Value of Marine Spatial Planning Towards Advancing Offshore Wind in the U.S.

The United States contributes only 0.2% of the 18,814?MW of global installed offshore wind capacity. Lack of development has been attributed in part to a cumbersome regulatory process that includes the evaluation of environmental impacts. Assessments are based on biological, social, and technical data that are often incomplete. Marine spatial planning (MSP) may help fill data gaps. We conducted semi-structured interviews with key informants to understand (1) whether a lack of biological data impedes offshore wind environmental assessments, (2) whether MSP could mitigate these impediments, and (3) whether MSP could advance offshore wind development in the U.S. in other ways. Most informants stated that a lack of biological data in offshore wind environmental assessments was problematic due to incomplete data, uncertainty of data, and mismatched scales. Data issues may be mitigated by creation of data products and increased communication, outcomes of MSP that may benefit the regulatory process by increasing data availability, resolving conflicts among users, and providing a common operating picture. Challenges remain in integrating MSP into the processes of siting and permitting offshore wind, but it provides a strategic framework for the systematic identification, collection, collation, analyses, application, and management of data in the offshore wind environmental regulatory process.     

面内流固冲击载荷下加筋板的动力响应

船舶在恶劣的海况下航行时,船舶结构遭到剧烈的波浪砰击作用,这种冲击载荷可能使船体结构发生屈曲而造成舰船结构总体承载能力的丧失,导致灾难性的后果。加筋板结构作为船舶结构的基本结构之一,研究其动力特性显得尤为重要。基于离散加筋板模型,对具有弹性约束边界的初缺陷矩形加筋板在面内流固冲击载荷下的动力响应问题进行了理论研究。取样条函数作为挠度试函数,运用加权残值法求得初缺陷加筋板动力响应的控制方程,采用四阶Runge—Kutta法求解该方程,并用Fortran语言编制了相应的计算程序。构造的B样条函数能适应板侧边上的任意弹性转动约束,讨论了初始几何缺陷、冲击载荷持续时间、加强筋及弹性约束的影响。结果表明,它们是影响加筋板动力特性的重要因素。适当增加弹性约束,减小初始几何缺陷及冲击载荷持续时间有利于提高加筋板的承载能力。