铁路工务安全与生产动态管理信息系统的开发与应用

介绍以济南铁路局铁路工务管理信息系统(PWMIS)数据和工务地理信息系统(PWGIS)为基础信息平台,以车载仪、轨检车、轨检仪、便携式添乘仪和动检车信息等工务检测数据为数据源,构建的一个覆盖铁路局、工务段、车间和工区的铁路工务安全与生产动态管理信息系统,该系统是以安全监控、检测数据分析、雨量监测报警等工务生产管理为主体业务的计算机综合应用平台.     

基于SVG的工务生产调度管理系统设计

SVG使用简单的文本语句在网页上显示出高质量的矢量图像,很适合网上图形信息的发布,是一种专门为网络设计的基于文本的图像格式.工务生产调度管理系统是面向工务处、段、车间和工区的多级分布式应用系统,需要图形化的直观的使用方式.本文阐述了如何利用SVG技术构建工务生产调度管理系统的过程与方法.     

物流联盟的形成机理与协作博弈研究

近年来,随着信息技术和电子商务的飞速发展,物流模式不断变革,物流联盟应运而生.本文从经济学和系统学的角度对物流联盟的形成机理进行了分析.本文在协作博弈模型中引入风险偏好,分析了物流企业风险厌恶程度、联盟协同效应和各种成本系数等因素对物流企业投入和联盟协作的影响.分析表明,物流企业自营成本系数和合作成本系数对物流企业合作意愿影响较大,此外,运营成本和风险厌恶感较低的物流企业有更强的合作意愿,为了激励物流企业的积极性,应给予物流企业以适当的奖励和分成.所以,物流联盟应结合实际情况制定相应的准入制度和恰当的奖励制度.最后,给出一个例子验证了相关结论.     

地铁列车广播系统的设计与开发

地铁列车广播系统采用现场总线控制技术、数字信号处理技术和音频处理技术,在地铁列车上构建一个信息处理平台与传输网络,为地铁乘客提供高质量的语音服务和丰富的信息服务.     

高铁客运站旅客导向标识系统优化算法研究

高速铁路的快速发展,对客运站旅客导向标识系统提出更高的要求.由于高速铁路客运站的功能和布局比较复杂,为了更好地为旅客提供便捷、高效的服务,本文根据高铁客运站运营管理实际需求,采用智能优化算法对旅客导向标识系统进行优化设计.首先,以区域诱导信息量最大为目标,建立了旅客导向标识布设位置选择模型;其次,进行退火-遗传算法设计并求解,找到了较优的布设位置;最后,以北京南站地下一层的导向标识系统为例进行实例分析,并且与遗传算法标识位置的布设相比较,验证了退火-遗传算法的可行性和有效性,为高速客运站导向标识系统的优化设计提供了科学依据.     

科研院所科研管理信息系统的设计

科研管理信息系统为科研项目的现代化管理提供了一个电子平台,它从科研院所的实际出发,根据科研要求,实现专项管理.实践表明,该系统能够提高科研质量和效率,降低成本,对科技成果的推广有较大的推动作用.     

Overview of public transport policy developments in South Africa

Public transport in South Africa is one of the most burning issues in the transport sector. The government is faced with huge public pressure to improve public transport systems in the face of rising fuel costs, the pending implementation of expensive urban toll road systems in the Gauteng province, and elsewhere in urban environments, public transport safety issues, public transport fleet renewal, especially the commuter rail services, as well as limited resources to fund public transport. As a developing country, the South African Government has pressing funding issues such as funds needed to improve housing for the poor to improve schooling and public health services. Government is also faced with a vocal minibus taxi industry that transports an estimated 65% of all commuters in the country that is also insisting on subsidies for its services.     

Regulation,trust and contractual incentives around transport contracts – Is there anything bus operators can learn from public air service contracts?

This paper compares recent experiences in contract negotiation and subsequent commitment in public air services with the bus industry. The heart of the paper is a survey of European and Australian regional airlines, which we mirror with revealed experiences of bus operators. We aim to identify a number of elements in the contracting regimes that have exposed ambiguity and significant gaps in what the principal (e.g., transport department) expected, and what the agent (airline or bus operator) believed they were obliged to deliver. Ultimately airline and bus services are similar in that public authorities procure transport services that are desirable for the society but would be unprofitable without government involvement. In both sectors (theoretically fairly similar) public transport contracts are used, and those usually include obligations and performance measurements. In terms of similarities, one of the surveyed contract details that had a perceived high clarity in both industries was “payment procedures” and amongst those with rather poor clarity was also in both industries “incentives to improve performance and grow patronage”. We also show differences between regional air services and bus operations with regard to performance measurement and pre-specified obligations. Because of the strong safety culture around air services we find that regulation and trusting partnerships are even more important to aviation than to the bus sector. Because of the high level of trust but also because of simpler and more complete contracts in aviation, there is much less (re-)negotiation going on compared to the bus operations.     

基于ST-MRF的自适应车辆跟踪算法研究

可靠的车辆跟踪是实现交通事件自动检测的重要前提,车辆跟踪中的车辆相互遮挡则是影响车辆跟踪结果的关键因素.为了解决这一难题,文中提出一种基于ST-MRF模型的自适应车辆跟踪算法.在ST-MRF模型中,把图像分成块,将相邻图像间的块通过它们的矢量联系起来,建立运动序列图像的时空马尔可夫随机场模型并且构造其相应的能量耗费函数,然后利用松弛算法实现目标地图最小化能量计算,从而解决车辆跟踪中的遮挡问题.实验结果表明,跟踪不遮挡的车辆时达到的跟踪成功率为95%,遮挡情况时成功率也可达到91%.通过实验得出以下结论:基于ST-MRF模型的自适应车辆跟踪算法能在交通量比较大,且车辆出现相互遮挡的情况下,能较准确地获得车辆跟踪数据.为以后的交通事件检测提供重要的数据基础.     

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为提高通勤者使用公交出行的比例,有效缓解城市交通拥堵,对应用智能公交系统数据(Advanced Public Transportation Systems,APTS)获得公交通勤出行需求的方法进行研究.采集APTS数据,通过对公交IC卡数据和智能调度系统数据的关联获得公交乘客的上车站点信息.根据早、晚高峰的出行频率判断公交通勤乘客,利用通勤出行的时间和空间特征确定居住地点和工作地点.以此基本思路,提出公交卡乘客通勤OD分布估计算法,并应用海量APTS系统数据对算法进行了试验和分析.最后,通过与基于"出行链"的方法进行比较,分析了算法的精度.本文提出的方法具有精度高、可操作性强的优点,为快速、经济地获取公交通勤OD分布提供了一种新的途径.