Policy implementation of multi-modal (shared) mobility: review of a supply-demand value proposition canvas

ABSTRACT

Urban mobility options have increased in recent years, assisted by the widespread availability of smart device software apps, geo-positioning technology, and convenient electronic financial transactions. Multi-modal shared mobility consists of public transit systems and shared mobilities that support first/last mile travel, denoting the capability of Mobility as a Service (MaaS), and to stimulate additional non-private car travel demand. This paper reviews the supply and demand sides of implementation of multi-modal shared mobility. It found that an abundance of shared modes of car, bike, and e-scooter that are linked to public transport, can improve transport accessibility to meet specific public preferences, reduce social inequality, and minimise dilemmas from the demand side. This study introduces government policy innovations and other supporting system to improve the implementation of multi-modal shared mobility. Government policies play a key role in supporting shared mobility and technology development. However, governments do not have much information about new products such as shared mobility, which creates difficulties in subsidising multi-modal shared mobility services and potentially leads to policy failures around shared mobility schemes. This study suggests that policy entrepreneurship in collaboration with other partners, policy innovation, and the notions of merit goods and second-best policymaking can enable policy initiatives towards multi-modal shared mobility and provide supporting arguments if policies encounter failures. Implementing multi-modal shared mobility requires a collaborative partnership for a paradigm shift: service providers and government must jointly set a merit-based business model, with the support of organisations to achieve improved infrastructure provision, and smart technology applications. The findings will assist the community, business providers and government policymakers to promote multi-modal shared mobility as a pathway towards more efficient, environmentally sustainable, and socially responsive mobility solutions.     

交通运输网络系统工程

网络化是交通运输系统的自然属性，交通基础设施建设与管理、系统的运营与服务，以及相关配套的政策与管理体制对于系统网络化都有内在需求.本文首先给出了交通运输网络系统工程的定义，并从交通运输网络系统工程中存在的科学问题及未来展望两个角度开展了详细论述.从交通运输系统复杂网络分析、交通运输系统网络化组织运营管理和城市交通系统网络化控制与诱导三个方面介绍了国内外研究与工程实践的最新现状，归纳总结了其中存在且迫切需要解决的科学问题.交通运输系统复杂网络分析的关键科学问题是探索不同交通运输网络拓扑结构与交通动力学时空演化规律、网络承载力、可靠性之间的动态耦合及匹配关系.交通运输系统网络化组织运营管理的关键科学问题是在交通基础设施物理结构为复杂网络的条件下，具有目标异性的多博弈主体(政府、运营企业、乘客等)之间如何实现利益平衡或达到帕累托最优.对于交通运输网络系统工程的未来发展，本文认为重点需要加强对综合交通运输网络系统工程的理论与方法论体系的研究，围绕“综合交通网络的构造演化机理”“城市交通网络供需平衡机理”“多层综合交通网络结构复杂特性及其动力学过程”“出行行为的多样性及可预测性”等问题进行探索.此外，由于新技术环境下的交通系统将出现颠覆性的变革，交通网络运输系统工程的内涵和外延也需要进行根本性的升级改造.具有自驱动、自组织、自决策能力节点的柔性交通运输网络及其共享运行机制，将会是交通运输网络系统工程未来的一个重要研究领域.     

A network level connectivity robustness measure for connected vehicle environments

This study introduces a new CONnectivity ROBustness model (CONROB) to assess vehicle-to-vehicle communication in connected vehicle (CV) environments. CONROB is based on Newton’s universal law of gravitation and accounts for multiple factors affecting the connectivity in CV environments such as market penetration, wireless transmission range, spatial distribution of vehicles relative to each other, the spatial propagation of the wireless signal, and traffic density. The proposed methodology for the connectivity robustness calculation in CONROB accounts for the Link Expiration Time (LET) and the Route Expiration Time (RET) that are reflected in the stability of links between each two adjacent vehicles and the expiration time of communication routes between vehicles. Using a 117 sq-km (45-square mile) network in Washington County, located west of Portland city, Oregon, a microscopic simulation model (VISSIM) was built to verify CONROB model. A total of 45 scenarios were simulated for different traffic densities generated from five different traffic demand levels, three levels of market penetration (5%, 15%, and 25%), and three transmission range values [76 (250), 152 (500), and 305 (1000) m (ft)]. The simulation results show that the overall robustness increases as the market penetration increases, given the same transmission range, and relative traffic density. Similarly, the overall connectivity robustness increases as the relative traffic density increases for the same market penetration. More so, the connectivity robustness becomes more sensitive to the relative traffic density at higher values of transmission range and market penetration. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to show the significant effect of relative traffic density, transmission range, and market penetration on the robustness measure. The results of the study provide an evidence of the ability of the model to capture the effect of the different factors on the connectivity between vehicles, which provides a viable tool for assessing CV environments.     

Vortex induced vibrations of short side by side cylinders

Staggered cylinders of different diameters is a common configuration in offshore design, including e.g. clamped risers, piggy-back solutions and piping systems. Current design practice is not clearly formulated in relevant design codes such as DNVGL-RP-F105 and DNVGL-RP-C205. Conservatively, it is often assumed that flow acceleration due to a neighboring cylinder causes up to a doubling of the incoming flow velocity depending on incidence angle and difference in cylinder diameter. Doubling the incoming particle velocity compared to free stream would decrease the required support distance by around 30%. Particularly in conditions with significant diameter disparity, flow acceleration effects due to the larger cylinder of the two can thus cause strict requirements to support distances on the smaller. Designers may want to reduce the number of support points due to cost, maintenance requirements and rigid structure availability, particularly in piping system arrangements. Recent research on piggy-back pipeline vortex induced vibrations have complemented traditional understanding of such configurations, allowing for improved design guidelines. In the present study, a detailed meta study of available laboratory and numerical work is performed, and the resulting findings are translated into simple design guidelines for piggy-back and other staggered arrangements. The present paper provides clear recommendations for improvements to the relevant recommended practices.     

Analysis of a cooperative variable speed limit system using microscopic traffic simulation

Variable speed limit systems where variable message signs are used to show speed limits adjusted to the prevailing road or traffic conditions are installed on motorways in many countries. The objectives of variable speed limit system installations are often to decrease the number of accidents and to increase traffic efficiency. Currently, there is an interest in exploring the potential of cooperative intelligent transport systems including communication between vehicles and/or vehicles and the infrastructure. In this paper, we study the potential benefits of introducing infrastructure to vehicle communication, autonomous vehicle control and individualized speed limits in variable speed limit systems. We do this by proposing a cooperative variable speed limit system as an extension of an existing variable speed limit system. In the proposed system, communication between the infrastructure and the vehicles is used to transmit variable speed limits to upstream vehicles before the variable message signs become visible to the drivers. The system is evaluated by the means of microscopic traffic simulation. Traffic efficiency and environmental effects are considered in the analysis. The results of the study show benefits of the infrastructure to vehicle communication, autonomous vehicle control and individualized speed limits for variable speed limit systems in the form of lower acceleration rates and thereby harmonized traffic flow and reduced exhaust emissions.     

A decision support system for total airport operations management and planning

The airport planning and decision making process exhibits various trade‐offs and complications due to the large number of stakeholders having different, and sometimes conflicting, objectives regarding the assessment of airport performance. As a result, the airport performance assessment necessitates the use of advanced modelling capabilities and decision support systems or tools in order to capture the multifaceted aspects, interests and measures of airport performance like capacity, delays, safety, security, noise and cost‐effectiveness. Presently, airport decision makers lack decision support tools able to provide an integrated view of total airport (both airside and landside) operations and analyse at a reasonable effort and decision‐oriented manner the various trade‐offs involved among different airport performance measures. The objective of this paper is twofold: (i) to describe the decision‐oriented modelling framework and development process of a decision support system for total airport operations management and planning, and (ii) to demonstrate the decision support capabilities and basic modelling functionalities of the proposed system. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国交通运输系统工程的演化

交通运输系统工程是系统工程理论与交通运输专业实践紧密结合的一门专业系统工程。 我国自20世纪80年代引入这一专业术语至今,在应用系统工程理论方法于交通运输系统的过程 中,形成了交通运输专业系统工程的特色。本文在回顾交通运输系统工程近半个世纪发展历程 的基础上,分析了我国交通运输系统发展的理论与实践演化过程;结合影响交通运输系统的要素 与重大活动,梳理提炼交通运输系统工程发展的阶段性特征,阐述不同阶段交通运输系统工程发 展理论进展与工程实践成就。考虑到过去近40年来我国社会与经济发展水平已有了较大变化, 本文提出了交通运输系统工程理论与方法的研究要点,展望了我国交通运输工程实践中面临的 难题。研究认为：在新的历史时期,我国交通运输系统工程面临新的发展机遇,应结合新时期交 通运输需求的时空特性与交通供给模式的演变,重点研究交通运输系统服务效能提升理论与方 法,攻克碳中和目标下的运输供给技术与管理机制建设难题,切实解决交通运输工程实践与政策 领域内日益复杂的问题,从学术、理论及应用上提升交通强国和交通运输系统工程发展水平。     

某型自行武器发供电系统不充电故障剖析

分析了某型自行武器发供电系统的工作原理,剖析了典型故障发生的原因及故障排除方法,提出预防此类故障发生的措施和判断故障的方法。     

The VOCO multi-body software in the context of real-time simulation

The railway multi-body software developed for more than 20 years by INRETS (now IFSTTAR), under the name VOCO^®, has been dedicated from the origin to highly nonlinear elements, such as the dry friction dampers of freight bogies and the wheel–rail contact based on measured profiles. A second important step has been the discovery of a particular method in order to simulate on sinuous tracks. In the aim of industrial applications, the specification has always been to reach the goal of real time. Although it is not possible in all the cases, the recent non-Hertzian contact development is allowing real-time simulation to be achieved.     

Experimental Study of Effects of Travel Time Distribution Information on Dynamic Route Choice Behavior

This study focuses on the possibility that providing travelers with information on travel time distribution, along with the existing travel time information, might affect their decision making and enhance traffic control. As an initial step to confirm the effectiveness of travel time distribution information, we use a laboratory experiment to obtain panel data of route choices when information is provided. The rationality of the behavior of the respondents and the characteristics of the route choice are first analyzed by aggregation analysis and then statistically examined by specifying a mixed logit route choice model. As a result, it is revealed that both travel time information and maximum travel time information significantly affect route choice behavior when a penalty is imposed for late arrival.