关于城市征收交通拥堵费的可行性探讨

在分析拥堵收费的内涵基础上,分析征收交通拥堵费的可行性,提出征收交通拥堵费应该遵循公平性、效益性、易操作性和可接受性原则。指出在征收交通拥堵费时应该考虑4个方面的原则,即征收交通拥堵费的法律、法规依据;征收交通拥堵费的具体实施方案;交通拥堵费的分配与使用和公共交通系统是否发达。     

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为了探讨拥挤收费对城市居民出行行为的影响,提出了考虑收费的非集计交通方式分担模型,推导了乘客的理解期望收费效用。根据实例测试证明了模型的可用性,进行了收费费率对交通方式分担结构影响的敏感度分析。结果表明,城市交通拥挤收费将影响出行者的交通方式选择行为和满意度,造成城市交通方式分担结构的变化;理解期望效用随收费费率的增加而增大,达到某一值后保持不变,而出行者对拥挤收费的满意度均为负值,并随着出行者对收费认知的不同而以不同的速度减小。     

线性与二部制资费模式的竞争均衡研究

通过构造移动通信市场上运营商资费选择博弈模型,探讨了线性资费模式与二部制资费模式的竞争均衡及其演化.所得结论表明:在线性资费模式与二部制资费模式的竞争中,运营商的利润来源于月租费.月租费越高,二部制资费模式与线性资费模式的差别就越大,运营商所获利润就越大.而且看重未来利益,具有一定"耐心"的运营商会在资费模式选择上进行合作.以上特点使得线性资费模式与二部制资费模式的竞争演化为线性资费模式与"封顶制"二部制资费模式的竞争.     

基于拉姆塞定价模型的天津地铁价格定价研究

目前国内的地铁票价大多采取单一票价制或者计程票价制，虽然这在票价上体现了公平，但是，如果利用地铁票价的价格杠杆来引导客流，就可以进一步提高公共交通系统的效率，改善社会福利。研究认为，应用拉姆塞定价原理采用高峰定价法可以实现这种效果。此文从经典的最优拥挤定价理论出发，分析城市道路拥挤定价中的交通需求的变化和在拥挤定价条件下的交通需求预测问题，探讨拥挤定价的收费标准对出行方式选择和需求的弹性，为该高峰分时段定价政策的实施奠定理论基础。     

The effects of critical peak pricing for electricity demand management on home-based trip generation

This paper examines electricity critical peak pricing (CPP) as a measure for controlling electricity demand at critical peak times. This pricing scheme is designed to facilitate energy conservation not only inside but also outside the home. For this study, we surveyed consumer propensity to leave the home under CPP schemes and analyzed the impact of CPP on consumer cost. The results indicated that higher prices induce a higher rate of going out, while residential conditions such as population density and access to public transportation have a relatively small impact on leaving the home and average energy conservation. However, this is not always the case for aged households with limited mobility; residential conditions have a substantial effect on this segment of the population. Combined with a reduced ability to go out, electricity pricing has a greater negative impact on aged people. These results imply that improving accessibility through transportation development and urban compaction is an effective means of saving electricity alleviating the negative impact of CPP on the aged society of the future.     

公路工程材料定价技术及应用分析

公路工程材料价格对于项目的成本影响较为明显。通过分析公路工程材料的价值构成,提出了公路工程材料价格预测的步骤,可为工程材料价格的预测分析提供参考。     

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对北京10家公路长途客运站调研发现,50%的车站没有开展基于公路长途客运的小件货物快运业务,已经开展此项业务的部分车站,经营效果也不好,原因是没有确定小件货物快运运价的有效方法.为了解决这一关键问题,首先从小件货物快运业务参与方入手,分析了参与各方企业的经营成本;然后根据货主运输需求函数,提出以始发车站收益最大化的小件货物快运定价模型,进而提出公路长途客运站、客运公司开展小件货物快运的必要条件,并根据小件货物快运实际,提出拟合货主运输需求函数的基本方法;最后用算例说明制定小件货物快运运价的方法和步骤.     

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城市公共交通政策的发展趋向于多种策略的整合,在划分城市常规公交运营主体为普通公交运营者和豪华公交运营者基础上,提出公交价格联动策略演化博弈模型,分析公交价格策略的演化趋势.模型包括两类公交价格策略实施主体、公交价格联动策略和独立策略构成的策略集合,以及采用不同策略的收益矩阵.以哈尔滨市公共交通系统为例,通过演化博弈模型数值计算结果中不同价格策略收益大小关系,证明了不同价格策略局部演化稳定点的存在性,得出公交价格策略演化路径依赖于公交运营者采用价格策略的收益水平,而且与公交运营者选择价格策略比例的初始值相关.城市公交价格联动策略演化博弈分析,对公交管理者制定公交管理制度,以及运营者选择价格策略具有重要的实践意义.     

Conflict Resolution through Negotiation in a Railway Open Access Market: a Multi-agent System Approach

Abstract

Open access reforms to railway regulations allow multiple train operators to provide rail services on a common infrastructure. As railway operations are now independently managed by different stakeholders, conflicts in operations may arise, and there have been attempts to derive an effective access charge regime so that these conflicts may be resolved. One approach is by direct negotiation between the infrastructure manager and the train service providers. Despite the substantial literature on the topic, few consider the benefits of employing computer simulation as an evaluation tool for railway operational activities such as access pricing. This article proposes a multi-agent system (MAS) framework for the railway open market and demonstrates its feasibility by modelling the negotiation between an infrastructure provider and a train service operator. Empirical results show that the model is capable of resolving operational conflicts according to market demand.