基于SP/RP调查的停车设施规划及收费政策研究

针对目前许多城市的停车乱、停车难、路边路外停车设施利用不均等问题,以独山子地区作为案例,研究合理可行的停车设施规划方案及停车政策,以调节路边路外停车比例、规范停车行为.同时,通过RP、SP调查,了解居民停车的影响因素,构建离散选择模型,并确定不同因素对停车选择的影响程度.基于分析结果,提出相应的停车规划及政策建议.     

an analysis of transportation energy conservation projects in developing countries

Industrialized countries have extensive experience with various transportation energy conservation measures and have been making steady progress in improving the efficiency of their transport sector. Less Developed Countries (LDCs) have also been making progress, but their experience in many aspects of transportation energy conservation is very limited. Development organizations have funded many transportation projects in developing countries, but the vast majority of these projects were designed to improve the transportation infrastructure. Very few transportation energy conservation projects have been implemented and decision-makers face a scarcity of information on effective strategies. This paper gives an overview of transportation projects in LDCs in order to identify those transportation energy conservation measures that offer the greatest potential for LDCs. Two case studies, from Tunisia and Costa Rica, are given to illustrate the issues involved in implementing transportation energy conservation measures in LDCs. Conclusions are drawn to suggest actions for developing countries and for development organizations.Acronyms DECAT Driver Energy Conservation Awareness Training - DSE Direccion Sectorial de Energia (Costa Rica) - GDP Gross domestic product - km Kilometer - LDCs Less Developed Countries - TOE Metric tonne of oil equivalent - USAID US Agency for International Development     

停车收费价格机制探讨

在分析国内几个主要城市收费价格的基础上,探讨了改革现有停车收费价格形成机制:在继续完善政府指导价和政府定价的前提下,逐步引入市场机制,实行市场调节价。通过改革来吸引民间资本进入停车领域,为停车产业解决资金困难,逐渐实现停车产业化服务。     

Towards marginal cost pricing: A comparison of alternative pricing systems

European urban areas are marred by the problems of congestion and environmental degradation due to the prevailing levels of car use. Strong arguments have thus been put forward in support of a policy based on marginal cost pricing (European Commission 1996). Such policy measures – which would force private consumers to pay for a public service that was previously provided "for free" – are, however, notoriously unpopular with the general public and hence also with their elected representatives – the politicians. There is thus an obvious tension between economic theory, which suggests that marginal cost pricing is the welfare maximising solution to urban transport problems, and practical experience, which suggests that such pricing measures are unwanted by the affected population and hence hard to implement through democratic processes. The AFFORD Project for the European Commission has aimed to investigate this paradox and its possible solutions, through a combination of economic analysis, predictive modelling, attitudinal surveys, and an assessment of fiscal and financial measures within a number of case study cities in Europe. In this paper the methodology and results obtained for the Edinburgh case study are reported in detail. The study analyses alternative road pricing instruments and compares their performance against the theoretical first best situation. It discusses the effect of coverage, location, charging mechanism and interaction with other instruments. The paper shows that limited coverage in one mode may lead to a deviation from the user pays principle in other modes, that location is as important as charge levels and that assumptions about the use of revenues are critical in determining the effect on equity and acceptability. Finally the results show that a relatively simple smart card system can come close to providing the economic first best solution, but that this result should be viewed in the context of the model assumptions.     

高速铁路基础设施综合养护维修管理模式探索与实践

从高速铁路基础设施养护维修现状出发,结合现代企业发展需要,提出工务、电务、供电“三位一体”的综合养护维修管理模式.在沪宁、沪杭城际高速铁路的实践表明:实行“三位一体”综合养护维修,安全得到了保证,质量得到提升,效率得到提高,专业管理没有弱化.在列车高速高密度运行、全面实施夜间天窗集中检修、人力资源更趋紧张等情况下,推行综合维修管理模式是提升高铁维修管理水平的有效手段.     

Evaluating the benefits of a combined route guidance and road pricing system in a traffic network with recurrent congestion

When drivers do not have complete information on road travel time and thus choose their routes in a stochastic manner or based on their previous experience, separate implementations of either route guidance or road pricing cannot drive a stochastic network flow pattern towards a system optimum in a Wardropian sense. It is thus of interest to consider a combined route guidance and road pricing system. A road guidance system could reduce drivers' uncertainty of travel time through provision of traffic information. A driver who is equipped with a guidance system could be assumed to receive complete information, and hence be able to find the minimum travel time routes in a user-optimal manner, while marginal-cost road pricing could drive a user-optimal flow pattern toward a system optimum. Therefore, a joint implementation of route guidance and road pricing in a network with recurrent congestion could drive a stochastic network flow pattern towards a system optimum, and thus achieve a higher reduction in system travel time. In this paper the interaction between route guidance and road pricing is modeled and the potential benefit of their joint implementation is evaluated based on a mixed equilibrium traffic assignment model. The private and system benefits under marginal-cost pricing and varied levels of market penetration of the information systems are investigated with a small and a large example. It is concluded that the two technologies complement each other and that their joint implementation can reduce travel time more efficiently in a network with recurrent congestion.     

铁路建设项目管理系统方案

铁路建设项目管理系统是铁路建设的重要辅助手段,基于网络通信、计算机技术等,可为管理部门提供安全、高效、统一的决策指挥平台,是工程建设顺利完成的可靠保障。     

期权定价的博弈论分析

期权定价的Black-Scholes公式的推导需要解偏微分方程，使期权价格的确定不易理解．为此，将期权交易看成博弈过程，则确定期权价格就变成了计算期权交易过程中股票的收益期望值．股票价格的变化是无限随机过程，通过计算此随机过程的分布密度函数，就可得出期望值．     

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交通拥挤是城市社会经济发展到一定阶段的产物．随着国民经济的快速发展，日益严重的交通拥挤是目前我国大中城市面临的普遍问题，并已经成为我国城市可持续发展的主要障碍之一．道路拥挤收费作为一种交通需求管理的有效措施，越来越受到人们的广泛关注，城市道路拥挤收费通过价格机制来实现交通需求管理，控制个体化的机动交通需求，从而使城市交通结构向公共交通转移，以提高城市交通总体的运营效率．本文基于北京市的现状，借鉴伦敦的成功经验，论述了北京市实行道路拥挤收费的可行性．     

基于集成式供应链的再生资源回收定价方法

再生资源回收与利用是发展循环经济的重要组成部分,合理的再生资源回收价格是提高再生资源回收与利用水平的关键。基于集成式供应链的视角,给出集成式再生资源供应链的主要收入与成本构成及其计算方法;以最大化集成式再生资源供应链的整体经济效益为目标,综合考虑政府补贴及消费者的回收意愿,构建集成式再生资源供应链的回收定价模型,提出基于集成式供应链的再生资源回收定价方法,进而确定最优回收价格。算例表明:单位政府补贴与再生资源的回收定价、供应链整体经济效益和回收率总体上呈正相关关系;再生资源的回收价格位于消费者的最低预期价格和最高预期价格之间时,既能充分调动消费者的回收积极性又能兼顾该再生资源供应链的整体经济效益。