PKI技术增强3G安全性研究

3G系统执行认证与密钥分配协议,在移动台和服务网络之间进行双向认证,在互相确认对方身份的基础上生成数据加密密钥CK和数据完整性密钥IK。3G安全体系的鉴权认证阶段是其薄弱环节,针对其缺陷,结合PKI技术,提出基于SSL握手协议的鉴权认证方案。在3G网络中加入认证中心及注册中心,用于验证用户身份、发放和恢复证书。针对无线终端特性,为服务器端使用的证书定义一个新的PKI证书格式———WTLS证书,并使用短时效证书SLC作为验证证书有效期的方案。该认证方案可以与3G现有安全模式并行,建议3G设置双模式认证方式来提高其安全强度。在无线终端侧实现了用户证书的存储管理,从而实现了加解密、数据完整性保护等各方面的功能,验证了基于SSL握手协议的鉴权认证方式是可行的。     

基于拉姆齐模型的长春市地铁定价研究

总结现有地铁票价制定方法,明确地铁票价制定影响因素。应用拉姆齐原理,建立一套完整的地铁票价制定体系和参数标定方法,结合长春地铁实际情况进行"高峰、低峰"差别定价。研究表明,应用拉姆齐模型进行地铁定价,可以在满足地铁运营企业收支平衡的前提下,实现社会福利最大化。对地铁采用"高峰、低峰"差别定价,可充分发挥票价的杠杆作用,平衡客流。     

Distributional impacts of road pricing: The truth behind the myth

This paper shows that road pricing can be regressive, progressive or neutral, and refutes the generalised idea that road pricing is always regressive. The potential distributional impacts of a road pricing scheme are assessed in three English towns. It is found that impacts are town specific and depend on where people live, where people work and what mode of transport they use to go to work. Initial impacts may be progressive even before any compensation scheme for losers is taken into account. When the situation before the scheme is implemented is such that majority of drivers entering the area where the scheme would operate come from households with incomes above the average, it can be expected that, once the scheme is implemented, these drivers coming from rich households will continue to cross the cordon and will be prepared to pay the charge. In such a case the overall effect will be that on average, rich people will pay the toll and poor people will not.     

Distance and time based road pricing trial in Dublin

The objective of the work was to evaluate the potential user response to distance and time based road pricing of a sample of individuals drawn randomly from a group of volunteers in Dublin. The road use pricing charge levels were selected to match the marginal external costs of car transport i.e. those costs not currently paid by the car user. Such costs include marginal external costs of congestion, air pollution and noise. The project formed part of the EU DGXVII EUROPRICE project where one of the objectives was to evaluate the impact of road use pricing on private transport demand. Estimates of the marginal external costs of car travel had been previously made for Dublin in an EU DGVII project entitled TRENEN II STRAN and the results were used to select the road pricing charges in the trial. The distance travelled and travel time of a particular individual's work trip were noted. Charges per unit distance and time were applied so that the individual would incur a total charge for their average peak period work trip of 6.4 euro; the average marginal external cost of a peak period trip in Dublin, as estimated by the TRENEN model. Although the sample of individuals was relatively small, the indications from the results are worthy of note and further investigation on a larger sample. A significant reduction in the number of peak period trips was evident, of the order of 22%, resulting from trip suppression and transfer to other modes. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Critical issues in the design of contractual relations for transport infrastructure development

The increasing use of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) arrangements in the provision of transport infrastructure seems to be a trend all over the world with a very particular incidence in Europe. The arguments supporting these public decisions are several and their validity varies with the different realities where these instruments are applied. The paper highlights the critical issues around the design and implementation of PPPs in the transportation sector and makes a brief presentation of the rational behind the structure of papers presented in this special issue.     

三类运营机制下两类停车设施定价问题研究

为研究三种运营机制（垄断市场,寡头竞争和社会最优）下两类型停车设施（公 共停车场和停车换乘设施）的定价问题,将停车设施运营者和出行者的相互作用描述为 双层规划问题,其中上层为运营者的停车收费水平决策模型,下层为出行者的旅行选择 行为模型,包括对出行方式、出行路径和停车设施的选择.设计了基于灵敏度分析的启发 式算法来求解该模型.算例结果表明,垄断解导致最高的总利润、最低的社会福利和最低 的交通需求;社会最优解导致最低的总利润、最高的社会福利和最高的交通需求;而寡头 解介于垄断解和社会最优解之间.     

公路经营权价值评估中折现率的测定

在应用收益法对公路经营权价值进行评估的过程中,折现率的确定对评估结果会产生很大影响,在折现率的选择方面,应该根据不同的经济行为选择不同的折现率。在公路经营权转让、政府回购、公路经营企业股权转让等方面,折现率的含义及折现口径是不同的,如何科学界定折现率选取的原则将对规范收费公路资产评估有着重要作用。针对不同经济行为,分别讨论不同经济行为折现率的确定方法。对折现率确定方法的优化与发展提出了相关建议。     

从城市经济学角度浅析交通拥挤收费问题

从城市经济学角度分析城市发展与交通拥挤的关系,提出拥挤收费的合理性,结合国外相关方面的应用证实其可行性,同时对拥挤收费政策尚存问题进行分析。从打造精明增长型城市的角度对所收取费用在短期和远期的再分配问题提出看法。     

保障城市公共交通和谐发展的定价策略

各种公共交通方式在城市公共交通系统的定位是不同的,所承担的运输任务也不同。但是我国大城市公共交通系统中各类运输方式缺乏统筹管理,各种交通方式应该拥有什么样的规模,交通方式的结构比例情况如何,采用什么样的衔接方式等等问题并没有得到很好地研究,使得各种运输方式在运营过程中并不能各尽其责。从公交定价的角度出发,通过对城市公交需求弹性和公交内部不同方式交叉弹性的分析,提出保障城市公共交通和谐发展的定价策略,以促进公共交通系统的良性发展。     

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拥挤道路使用收费和停车设施收费是解决城市交通拥挤的两种手段,文章对两者收费策略结合条件下的市郊—市区间综合优化问题进行研究。前往市内工作区上班的驾车者到达拥挤收费点后有两种策略可供选择：一是交纳拥挤道路使用费继续驾车前往工作地;二是停车再换乘地铁或BRT等公交方式到达目的地。通过对两种策略下用户的出行成本进行了分析,以最大化总的消费者剩余为上层优化目标,以弹性需求下的组合出行网络用户平衡作为下层规划,建立了双层规划模型,设计了基于模式搜索的求解算法。并对算例进行计算和分析,计算结果表明该模型与算法是有效的。