(Unintended) Transport impacts of an energy-environment policy: The case of CNG conversion of vehicles in Dhaka

Motor vehicles are one of the major sources of air pollution in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. The government took various policies to convert the petroleum vehicles on road to run on compressed natural gas (CNG), which allows both air quality improvements and energy security benefits. One of the market friendly policies to encourage the fuel switch was to increase the price differential between CNG and petrol and diesel. This has allowed a wide-scale adoption of CNG as the fuel of choice. However, several years into the policy, there is now a widespread belief among the policymakers that the CNG conversion may have increased car ownership and car travel due to their lower running costs, resulting in more congestion and a reversal of the strategy is on the cards. It is therefore important to test the hypothesis whether CNG conversion had genuinely increased car ownership and car travel in Dhaka city. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey and an econometric intervention analysis to understand the impact of CNG conversion on car ownership and car travel in Dhaka. Attention is also given to disentangle the self-selection and price-induced travel effects of CNG conversion. Results show that ownership did not increase, but travel of on-road vehicles increased due to the CNG policy. However, additional congestion costs are still around one half of the health benefits brought about by the policy.     

Through the storm: Transit agency management in response to climate change

The increase in extreme weather events due to climate change poses serious challenges to public transit systems. These events disrupt transit operations, impair service quality, increase threats to public safety, and damage infrastructure. Despite the growing risk of extreme weather and climate change, little is known about how public managers recognize, experience and address these risks. Using data from a national study of public transit agencies we investigate the types of extreme weather events transit agencies are experiencing, the associated risks, and how agencies are preparing for them. We find that while extreme events are commonly experienced by transit agencies across states and transit managers perceive increased risks from these events, most agencies rely on the traditional emergency management approach to address extreme weather ex post rather than taking a proactive approach to mitigating the adverse weather impact on transit assets and infrastructure ex ante. Managers report that a lack of access to financial resources is the greatest challenge for undertaking adaptation and preparation. We conclude with a discussion of what these findings mean for understanding organizational adaptation behavior as well as climate adaptation policy making.     

Impact assessment of extreme weather events on transport networks: A data-driven approach

The present paper presents a data-driven method for assessing the resilience of the European passenger transport network during extreme weather events. The method aims to fill in the gap of current research efforts regarding the quantification of impacts attributed to climate change and the identification of substitutability opportunities between transport modes in case of extreme weather events (EWE). The proposed method consists of three steps concerning the probability estimation of an EWE occurring within a transportation network, the assessment of its impacts and the passengers’ flow shift between various transport modes. A mathematical formulation for the proposed data-driven method is provided and applied in an indicative European small-scale network, in order to assess the impacts of EWE on modal choice. Results are expressed in passenger differentiated flows and the paper concludes with future research steps and directions.     

Interactive travel choices and traffic forecast in a doubly dynamical system with user inertia and information provision

This study models the joint evolution (over calendar time) of travelers’ departure time and mode choices, and the resulting traffic dynamics in a bi-modal transportation system. Specifically, we consider that, when adjusting their departure time and mode choices, travelers can learn from their past travel experiences as well as the traffic forecasts offered by the smart transport information provider/agency. At the same time, the transport agency can learn from historical data in updating traffic forecast from day to day. In other words, this study explicitly models and analyzes the dynamic interactions between transport users and traffic information provider. Besides, the impact of user inertia is taken into account in modeling the traffic dynamics. When exploring the convergence of the proposed model to the dynamic bi-modal commuting equilibrium, we find that appropriate traffic forecast can help the system converge to the user equilibrium. It is also found that user inertia might slow down the convergence speed of the day-to-day evolution model. Extensive sensitivity analysis is conducted to account for the impacts of inaccurate parameters adopted by the transport agency.     

道路整体三维模型构建方法的研究

建立道路与地面的整体三维模型是实现道路三维可视化的关键。系统分析了现有的道路三维模型构建方法,针对其存在的不足,提出了一种将道路设计面模型与地形表面模型融为一体的整体模型构建方法,该方法基于在约束Delaunay三角网内插入点和约束边的理论,巧妙地解决了剔除落在道路设计面区域内的地形点的问题,实现了道路设计面与地形表面的整体建网。应用道路整体模型可以实现道路景观的三维漫游,评价三维立体线形以及与周围地形的配合情况。     

城乡客运统筹发展的对策

文章结合浦北县道路客运实际,分析了农村客运存在的问题,并从理顺体制、统一优惠政策、打击非法营运、完善基础设施建设、优化服务等方面提出了统筹城乡客运发展的对策与建议。     

综合超前地质预报在小坪子隧洞中的运用研究

研究目的：研究如何在施工过程中对隧洞掌子面前方的地质条件进行预报，减少地质灾害的发生。研究方法：在超前地质预报的宏观预报、长期预报、短期预报、临近警报等不同阶段，以地质理论为基础，综合运用地质方法、地球物理勘探方法、钻探方法，结合实践经验进行研究。研究结果：得出了地质预报的阶段性和不同阶段的预报方法，提出了地质超前预报体系各方法的相互关系，得出了实施超前地质预报应采用的步骤、方法及实施时应注意的问题。研究结论：深埋长大隧洞施工过程中的地质预报，只有采取地质理论的、地球物理的、钻探的等综合的方法，并且按宏观的、长期的、短期的、临近的思路进行才能取得好的效果。     

铁路客运服务信息集成系统研究

针对铁路客运服务信息子系统种类多，信息交换复杂的特点，提出以平台内部信息总线为核心，集中实现车站业务服务模式，建设铁路客运信息集成系统，以面向整体流程和服务的方式架构，实现了客运服务信息共享、统一维护等功能。     

船舶综合液压推进及其泵马达设计

为解决船舶在向大型化、高速化方向发展时船舶主机设计困难,机舱布置不合理以及机动性能差等问题,提出了一种新型船舶推进方式,即船舶综合液压推进。给出了该推进方式的推进原理,通过工况配合特性曲线图,对其工况配合特性进行分析,对该推进方式的优缺点进行讨论并对其重要组件液压泵以及马达进行设计计算。结果表明船舶综合液压推进具有其独特的优点,是对现有船舶推进方式的有益补充。