Total cost analysis: An alternative to benefit-cost analysis in evaluating transportation alternatives

This paper explains the theory in support of total cost analysis (TCA) to compare transportation system alternatives. The full costs of each alternative are first aggregated, including travel time costs and monetizable environmental and social costs. Many costs which are considered on the benefits side of the equation in benefit-cost analysis (BCA) as "cost savings" are brought over to the costs side. Total cost differences among alternatives are then traded off against their estimated non-monetized benefits or impacts, just as a consumer trades off product quality against cost before deciding which product he or she will buy. One advantage of TCA over traditional BCA is that the concept of "total cost" is more easily understood by the public and by political decision-makers than BCA concepts such as "net present worth", "benefit-cost ratio" and "internal rate of return". A second advantage is that there is no suggestion that all "benefits" have been considered; decision-makers are free to use their own value judgements to trade off total cost against non-monetizable social, environmental and economic impacts, just as they trade off quality and convenience against cost when purchasing goods and services in their roles as consumers. The TCA approach is demonstrated in this paper through a case study of two systemwide alternatives for the Baltimore, MD urban area.     

人事管理信息系统的开发与应用

介绍了人事管理信息系统的开发方法、系统功能与特点,实现了对人事管理各项工作及相关信息的全面、统一管理,提高了工作效率与管理水平。     

GIS技术在公路建设管理中的应用研究

针对公路建设的发展以及工程项目管理发展的要求,介绍了道路CAD技术、地理信息系统(GIS)技术、数据库技术、网络技术在公路建设项目管理过程中的应用以及如何借助GIS的图形处理功能、信息表现及其空间分析功能对公路建设过程中的各工程实体的工程信息、计划进度、质量监理、费用管理等进行可视化表现和分析,规范和方便建设项目的科学管理,从而为公路建设的管理者和决策者提供直观、可靠、及时和有效的管理手段,便于作出相应的决策。     

CM模式在我国城市轨道交通项目管理中的应用

为探索城市轨道交通建设项目管理模式,本文在揭示了目前城市轨道工程特点及存在主要矛盾的基础上,介绍了新型CM建设管理模式的特征和优点;分析了在我国城市轨道交通建设领域采用CM模式的必要性和可行性,提出了推行CM模式的相应方案和步骤。     

Bus Priority Using pre-signals

The need to provide efficient public transport services in urban areas has led to the implementation of bus priority measures in many congested cities. Much interest has recently centred on priority at signal controlled junctions, including the concept of pre-signals, where traffic signals are installed at or near the end of a with-flow bus lane to provide buses with priority access to the downstream junction. Although a number of pre-signals have now been installed in the U.K., particularly in London, there has been very little published research into their design, operation and optimisation. This paper addresses these points through the development of analytical procedures which allow pre-implementation evaluation of specific categories of pre-signals. The paper initially sets out three categories of pre-signal, which have different operating characteristics, different requirements for signalling and different impacts on capacity and delay. Key issues concerning signalling arrangements for these categories are then discussed, together with a summary of the analytical approach adopted and the assumptions required. Equations are developed to allow appropriate signal timings to be calculated for pre-signalised intersections. Further equations are then developed to enable delays to priority and non-priority traffic, with and without pre-signals, to be estimated with delay being taken here as the key performance criterion. The paper concludes with three application examples illustrating how the equations are applied and the impacts of pre-signals in different situations.The analyses confirm the potential benefits of pre-signals, where these signals apply to non-priority traffic only. Where buses are also subject to a pre-signal, it is shown that disbenefits to buses can often occur, unless bus detectors are used to gain priority signalling.     

内燃机振动动力式主动吸振器的研究

振动主动控制技术具有减振效率高，有效减振频率范围度，反应敏捷等优点，在机械振动领域具有广泛的应用前景。在一台四缸柴油机上进行振动主动控制的研究，使用主动控制技术控制动力吸振式的频率，使其能足够发动机的主动振动频率，并保持最佳状态，从而有效地抑制发动机的振动。     

车身内部布置CAD系统及其应用

介绍了自行开发的汽车车身内部布置的ＣＡＤ系统，并就系统在设计中的应用了说明。该系统是在通用图形软件基础上进行二次开发而成的，以ＳＡＥ标准，ＥＥＣ标准及为主要依据，将ＣＡＤ技术运用到车身内部布置设计中。     

海洋工程平台项目物资追溯管理的批次管理方法

基于海洋工程平台项目特点,研究物资分类、物资编码和物资批次编码等关键技术,引入批次管理方法。按批次阶段形成亚批次清单（Bill of Lots,BOL）,建立物资追溯管理模型,为海洋工程平台项目实现产品全生命周期内的物资追溯管理提供理论依据。     

需求信息的延迟对牛鞭效应的影响

研究在一个库存环境中,用于未来需求预测的需求信息的延迟对于需求预测的影响.当通过一种补充订货策略控制补货时,这种延迟降低了历史订单信息的波动性,最终减弱了牛鞭效应的影响.     

加强世行贷款项目资金管理降低政府贷款偿债风险

介绍世行贷款对我国经济建设的重要意义及在使用世行贷款项目中存在的问题,并提出降低偿债风险的对策与措施。