Sea state estimation based on vessel motion responses: Improved smoothness and robustness using Bézier surface and L1 optimization

Floating structures oscillate in waves, where these wave-induced motions may be critical for various marine operations. An important consideration is thereby given to the sea states at the planning and operating stages for an offshore project. The most important information extracted from a sea state is the directional wave spectrum, indicating wave direction, significant wave height, and wave spectrum peak period. Among several available methods of measuring and estimating the directional wave spectrum, the wave buoy analogy technique based on vessel motion responses is an in situ and almost real-time solution without extra costs of devices. If the forms of the wave spectra are not predefined in the estimation, the method is called a nonparametric approach. Its most remarkable advantage is the flexible form, but the smoothness should be regulated. After the discrete Fourier transform has been applied to the measured vessel motions, smoothing is necessary. However, this process results in disturbed vessel cross-spectra and a lowpass characteristic of the windowing function. This paper presents a nonparametric approach for directional wave spectrum estimation based on vessel motion responses. It introduces novel smoothness constraints using Bézier surface and includes a more robust estimate using L1 optimization. Both techniques are applied to the wave buoy analogy for the first time. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the proposed algorithm.     

Experimental study of freak wave impacts on a tension-leg platform

This study investigates the freak wave impinging on a tension-leg platform through wave flume experiments. The freak waves are generated using the focused wave theory. By adjusting the wave focusing location, different incident wave scenarios at the structure location are produced. Simultaneous measurements of wave shape evolutions upon impingement, wave impact pressures on the platform deck, platform motions and tether forces are carried out for synchronized analyses of the wave kinematics/dynamics and structural responses. The variation of these parameters with the incident wave profile is studied. It is found that although applying less intensive local impact pressures as compared to the highly-breaking freak wave, the slightly-breaking or non-breaking freak wave imposes the same level of adverse effect on the platform's global stability in terms of motions and tether forces. In addition, the high-crest freak wave causes violent motions of the floating platform, which are likely to induce snap loads of large amplitude and high occurrence frequency in tethers. The published results would provide useful benchmarks for validating numerical and analytical models.     

两层流体中潜体的不定常运动兴波

本文应用Ｌａｐｌａｃｅ变换方法和基元波叠加的概念对两层流体中孤立点源和细长潜体的不定常线性兴波问题进行了探讨,给出了自由面和内界面的波型及兴波阻力的算例结果。     

改善小型高速艇总体性能的措施研究

结合某项产品的设计论证和船模试验,对小型高速艇的总体性能进行了研究,提出了减小船体阻力、改善耐波性和减小船体振动的若干措施。     

Transient design waves for green-water loading on bulk carriers

The wave surface profiles associated with extreme relative motion between a slender stationary vessel and the adjacent wave surface are investigated for long-crested head seas. The methodology is based upon an established statistical relationship for a Gaussian random process which indi-cates that in the vicinity of an extreme event the most probable shape of the time history approaches that of the autocorrelation function. Attention is given to the relative motion at a longitudinal position which is representative of the No. 1 hatch cover location on a bulk carrier. Second-order corrections to the wave surface profiles are used to provide estimates of nonlinear relative motions. It is shown that extreme relative motion at the hatch cover location is associated with the vessel encountering a steep-fronted wave with pronounced asymmetry in the horizontal and vertical directions. In order to evaluate the exceedence probabilities, it is hypothesized that the peaks of the nonlinear relative motions are closely correlated with the peaks of an underlying linear process. The overall methodology is applied to an investigation of relative motion exceedence probabilities for vessel lengths of 250 m and 300 m over a range of survival seastates. Received: July, 1999 / Accepted: November, 1999     

多自由度双轴车辆模型在波形路面上的动力分析

为了分析车辆以不同速度和不同载质量行驶于不同波长、振幅和坡度的波形路面时,车辆对路面的动载荷作用,根据綦万高速公路路面平整度的实测结果,得到描述波形路面的参数即波长和振幅,编制路面文件,在ADAMS中模拟波形路面,并以现有某红岩重型卡车为研究对象,利用ADAMS多体动力学分析软件建模仿真,建立其车架、悬架和驾驶室等的多体动力学模型,对整车模型进行仿真计算,揭示了车辆动载与路面不平度之间的关系,提出了降低车轮动载荷的方法。     

基于海浪干扰滤波器的UUV近水面深度控制

针对UUV在近水面航行过程中海浪波动对深度计测量造成较大干扰进而影响深度控制效果的问题,设计一种带有海浪干扰滤波器的UUV深度控制方法。分析UUV海试中深度控制性能,选取合适的参数设计海浪干扰滤波器并验证了其滤波效果。考虑到PID控制器参数选择难的问题,采用遗传算法对其控制参数实现在线自整定。最后将实时海浪加入到UUV深度控制系统进行仿真实验,并将仿真结果与海试数据对比,结果表明本文提出的方法可有效的抑制海浪干扰,改善UUV近水面深度控制效果,具有一定的工程实际意义。     

自升式平台拖航阻力评估

本文选定了自升式平台离岸拖航的环境条件,利用经验公式、CFD软件和数值积分方法,分别计算得到平台在拖航过程中受到风载荷、流载荷和波浪载荷。计算结果表明自升式平台桩腿长度对拖航阻力的影响非常大,流载荷在拖航阻力中所占比例很小,主尺度变化的对拖航阻力的影响主要体现在波浪载荷上。     

Variational principles in water-wave problems (wave radiation conditions and their variational treatment)

To discuss water-wave problems in unlimited waters, it is important to know what type of wave radiation condition should be placed on a virtual surface corresponding to infinity. For this kind of problem, the Sommerfeld radiation condition is well known. In this article, the condition is extended to treat a case with an incident wave. Furthermore, a more general wave radiation condition is introduced from a different point of view. The above-mentioned wave radiation conditions are introduced into the variational principles of the Kelvin, Hellinnger–Reissner, and Dirichlet type. The Dirichlet-type variational principles are then used in numerical calculations for bending waves in a bar, and the effectiveness of the wave radiation conditions and the variational principles is shown. The numerical results for one-dimensional water-wave problems are then given. As expected, the region required for the numerical solution is reduced drastically compared with that required by the Sommerfeld-type formulation. Furthermore, the amplitude of the diverging wave is obtained in the process of reaching the variational solution. Finally, two-dimensional water-wave problems are briefly discussed. Received: August 9, 2001 / Accepted: September 17, 2001     

穿浪双体船兴波阻力研究

对穿浪双体船（WavePiereingCatamaran,简称WPC）兴波阻力理论计算方法进行了研究,在此基础上对一艘穿浪双体船模型的兴波阻力进行了理论计算,并将理论计算结果与模型试验结果、25°系列阻力图谱计算结果进行比较,探讨了片体修长系数、片体间距对WPC兴波阻力影响的规律。