Towards a generic benchmarking platform for origin–destination flows estimation/updating algorithms: Design,demonstration and validation

Estimation/updating of Origin–Destination (OD) flows and other traffic state parameters is a classical, widely adopted procedure in transport engineering, both in off-line and in on-line contexts. Notwithstanding numerous approaches proposed in the literature, there is still room for considerable improvements, also leveraging the unprecedented opportunity offered by information and communication technologies and big data. A key issue relates to the unobservability of OD flows in real networks – except from closed highway systems – thus leading to inherent difficulties in measuring performance of OD flows estimation/updating methods and algorithms. Starting from these premises, the paper proposes a common evaluation and benchmarking framework, providing a synthetic test bed, which enables implementation and comparison of OD estimation/updating algorithms and methodologies under “standardized” conditions. The framework, implemented in a platform available to interested parties upon request, has been flexibly designed and allows comparing a variety of approaches under various settings and conditions. Specifically, the structure and the key features of the framework are presented, along with a detailed experimental design for the application of different dynamic OD flow estimation algorithms. By way of example, applications to both off-line/planning and on-line algorithms are presented, together with a demonstration of the extensibility of the presented framework to accommodate additional data sources.     

Using the built environment to oversample walk,transit, and bicycle travel

Characteristics of the built environment (BE) have been associated with walk, transit, and bicycle travel. These BE characteristics can be used by transportation researchers to oversample households from areas where walk, transit, or bicycle travel is more likely, resulting in more observations of these uncommon travel behaviors. Little guidance, however, is available on the effectiveness of such built environment oversampling strategies. This article presents measures that can be used to assess the effectiveness of BE oversampling strategies and inform future efforts to oversample households with uncommon travel behaviors. The measures are sensitivity and specificity, positive likelihood ratio (LR+), and positive predictive value (PPV). To illustrate these measures, they were calculated for 10 BE-defined oversampling strata applied post-hoc to a Seattle area household travel survey. Strata with an average block size of <10 acres within a ¼ mile of household residences held the single greatest potential for oversampling households that walk, use transit, and/or bicycle.     

建筑结构概念设计与软件计算的关系

结构设计既要重视概念设计也要重视软件计算。以SATWE和M idas/Gen两个结构计算软件为例,用概念设计的观点分析计算结果的必要性,探讨通过空间有限元软件协助对结构体系的工作状态进行把握的有效性。用2个工程实例介绍概念设计和软件计算在设计过程中的应用,并主张用概念设计来指导软件计算,用软件计算来加深对概念设计的理解,两者是相辅相成的。     

紧急疏散情况下地铁车站动态瓶颈识别

随着城市轨道交通系统逐渐成网,地铁车站日渐拥挤,为了制定科学有效的紧急疏散方案,有必要预先找到车站瓶颈点。基于时间可靠度函数模拟乘客在紧急情况下路径选择行为,在此基础上引入M//G/C/C排队模型对车站排队系统各个服务台进行排队性能指标计算,找出潜在瓶颈点。以广州地铁3号线岗顶站为例,结合车站硬件设施尺寸数量,模拟计算最恶劣情况下乘客疏散过程,找到3处潜在瓶颈点,测算结果与实际观测情况相符合,验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于TMS320C6416 DSP/BIOS的FLASH引导方式的实现

通过FLASH来引导DSP是实际应用中一种常见的应用方式,基于TMS320C6416 DSP/BIOS ,详细讨论如何配置存储区、代码段和数据段, 如何编写二次引导程序,生成复制表,以及怎样将COFF文件转换为便于FLASH 烧写的.hex文件.     

Experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle

This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle. Tests were carried out under quasi-steady-state conditions, on a full-scale roller rig, and allowed to point out the effect of different parameters like the wheelset's angle of attack and the ratio between the vertical loads acting on the flanging and non-flanging wheels. On the basis of the test results, some existing derailment criteria are analysed in this paper and two new criteria are proposed. A model of wheel–rail contact is proposed for the mathematical modelling of the flange climb process, and numerical vs. experimental comparisons are used to obtain model validation.     

时速160km以下双层集装箱运输铁路有砟轨道隧道内轮廓研究

目前运营时速160 km以下(双箱运输)有砟轨道隧道内轮廓难以满足大型养护机械(特别是大型清筛机)作业空间需求,通过对新建时速160 km以下电气化铁路(双箱运输)有砟轨道隧道的建筑限界、接触网悬挂方式及布置、大型养护机械空间需求、轨道结构形式、侧沟及电缆槽设置等内轮廓影响因素进行综合分析,确定单双线铁路有砟轨道隧道内轮廓控制性尺寸、拟定内轮廓方案,通过对各型内轮廓方案的结构安全性、经济性及施工便利性比较,给出推荐方案,为通用图编制和纳入规范奠定基础。     

浅谈滚装客船装车处所的固定式灭火系统

装车处所固定式灭火系统直接影响船舶航行安全。文章介绍了滚装客船装车处所固定式灭火系统的配备、各种常见固定式灭火系统的性能，提出了固定式灭火系统的检查要点及保证这些船舶消防设备正确操作和时刻处于良好使用状态的要求。     

Pro/E在减速顶中的应用

通过对三维建模软件Pro／E各种强大功能的简要介绍，指出Pro／E在当今生产行业中的重要作用，同时详细介绍了Pro／E在减速顶行业中的广泛应用。     

巴哈马车客渡船设计简介

本船作为车客渡船具有多用途、多任务的特点,适应性强.该文从型线设计、总体布置、稳性计算等方面,概要介绍了本船的一些设计特点.