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21.
城市人行天桥美学造型简析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
陈正斌 《重庆交通学院学报》2007,26(4):120-123
主要阐述城市人行天桥的造型与景观的关系,城市人行天桥造型中的城市美学以及对人行天桥美学设计的认识,提出从造型与景观角度塑造城市人行天桥的观点.对城市建设有一定的应用价值. 相似文献
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采用子结构凝聚自由度法推导出桩土接触问题的非线性有限元平衡方程,引入接触问题的约束条件,并通过增广拉格朗日乘子法对约束条件进行处理,得到数值计算的迭代格式,进而对桩土相互作用进行非线性数值计算,结果表
明:数值计算结果与实测结果吻合较好,接触问题的引入可以合理地解释桩土相互作用的机理问题。 相似文献
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关于带闭链工业机器人的动力学建模研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文在以影响系数矩阵为基础进行带闭链机器人的动力学方程推导时,采用了符号一数值方法。在计算机上获得一,二阶影响系数矩阵和动力学方程中各矩阵元素的最简解近表达式,解决了当分支的广义坐标数不等于6时出现的长方形(奇异)矩阵求逆的解析表达问题。在VAX机上偏制调试出了该方法应的软件,并应用于一个带单闭链地的的孤焊机械手的动力学建模。 相似文献
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Modelling nutrient fluxes from sub-arctic basins: Comparison of pristine vs. dammed rivers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Agata Sferratore Gilles Billen Josette Garnier Erik Smedberg Christoph Humborg Lars Rahm 《Journal of Marine Systems》2008,73(3-4):236
The deterministic Riverstrahler model of river functioning is applied for the first time to sub-arctic catchments. Seasonal nutrient (N, P, Si) deliveries to the coastal zone are simulated, and nutrient annual fluxes are established for the nearly pristine river Kalix (hereafter called Kalixälven) and the heavily dammed river Lule, (hereafter called Luleälven) both located in Northern Sweden and draining into the Bothnian Bay, Baltic Sea.For Kalixälven simulations are performed with a runoff calculated from precipitation, evapo-transpiration and temperature data for the period 1990–1999, using a hydrological model calibrated on observed monthly discharges at the river outlet. The same hydrological parameters are used to calculate specific runoff for the Luleälven basin in absence of dam regulation. Reservoir filling and emptying are simulated using a simplified representation of their management rules. Diffuse sources of nutrient are evaluated according to land cover of the catchment. The simulated seasonal trends are within the range of the observed data, in particular for discharge, dissolved silica, total phosphorus, inorganic nitrogen and total organic carbon. Specific runoff is 50% higher in the Luleälven than in the Kalixälven watershed due to higher altitudes and precipitations. Average silica, nitrate and phosphorus concentrations are much lower in Luleälven than in Kalixälven. Comparison of model results for the Luleälven with and without dams shows a reduction of respectively 25% and 30% in silica and phosphorus fluxes delivered at the outlet, while nitrogen delivery is increased by 10% in the dammed vs. undammed river system. The model allows assessing the respective role of reservoir trapping of nutrient in the reservoir through algal uptake and sedimentation, and of changes in the vegetation induced by flooding the valley formerly covered by forests and wetlands. 相似文献
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Reliable sensor deployment for network traffic surveillance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Xiaopeng LiYanfeng Ouyang 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》2011,45(1):218-231
New sensor technologies enable synthesis of disaggregated vehicle information from multiple locations. This paper proposes a reliable facility location model to optimize traffic surveillance benefit from synthesized sensor pairs (e.g., for travel time estimation) in addition to individual sensor flow coverage (e.g., for traffic volume statistics), while considering probabilistic sensor failures. Customized greedy and Lagrangian relaxation algorithms are proposed to solve this problem, and their performance is discussed. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithms solve the problem efficiently. We also discuss managerial insights on how optimal sensor deployment and surveillance benefits vary with surveillance objective and system parameters (such as sensor failure probabilities). 相似文献
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An adjoint 1-D model was used to determine vertical diffusivity coefficients from temperature profiles collected within a filament escaping from the Galician coast following an upwelling event. The optimisation scheme ended with relatively high diffusivity values within the thermocline (9×10−5 m2 s−1). Such high values are relevant for biogeochemical exchanges between surface and deep waters in stratified areas.The optimised values were several orders of magnitude higher than the bulk of diffusivity measurements recorded with a free-falling device; however, the optimisation solution was consistent with the arithmetic mean of the measurements in the thermocline (7.7×10−5 m2 s−1), giving more weight to the few largest values. Below the thermocline, the data assimilation method failed because of the three-dimensional nature of the advective field of the upwelling system. Ignoring this advective forcing in the model led to estimates that were two orders of magnitude too high.The results suggest that turbulent mixing is a random process where a few intense events determine the average mixing that drives the long-term evolution of the water column structure. This statistical property is very important when one wants to use instantaneous diffusivity measurements for modelling purposes. 相似文献
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R. Fortunier J.B. Leblond J.M Bergheau .ENSM-SE centre SMS cours Fauriel - St-Etienne cedex France .LMM UMR /CNRS/Université Paris VI Tour case place Jussieu Paris cedex France .LTDS UMIR CNRS/E 《上海交通大学学报(英文版)》2000,(1)
IntroductionltiswellknownthatmetallmpicalstrUcforeofsteelsandheattransferarefullycouPled.PhasechangesdependontemPertheeevoluton,whereastemPertheeisinfluencedbycontrastsofmaterialcharacteristicsbetWeenphasesandlatenheateffects.AlotofworkhasbeenpefformedonthssubeCt,andclassicalmodelsarenowwidelyimPlementedintofiniteelementcomPutercodes[l][2][31[4][5][61.Thesemodelsaregenerallybasedonf.AVramityPekinetics[7][8]l9]Whnthephasechangeisgovernedbydiffusion,.TheKoistinen-Marburgerlaw[l0]fOrmfornsi… 相似文献
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为了降低高速列车从始发站至终到站运行的牵引能耗, 研究了针对多列车区间运行时分同步分配的列车运行图节能优化方法。基于高速列车在站间采用的“四阶段”操纵策略构建最优驾驶策略集, 以牵引距离和巡航距离为变化因子, 以牵引能耗和区间运行时分为计算目标, 求解出最优驾驶策略集里牵引能耗与区间运行时分的线性关系。在此基础上构建多列车区间运行时分最优分配的节能运行图模型。模型以牵引能耗最低为目标, 考虑了列车总运行时间约束、变量取值范围约束以及安全间隔时分约束。在模型求解方面, 选取拉格朗日松弛算法, 将复杂约束松弛至目标函数当中, 从而把原问题分解为各区间可独立求解的子问题, 利用次梯度优化的方法得出精确解, 实现了多列车区间运行时分同步分配的目标。以宝兰高速铁路为背景进行算例验证, 结果表明: 通过重新分配区间运行时分, 10列车总共节约了595.958 kW·h牵引能耗, 平均节能率达到了1.2%;从运行图的层面分析, 该算例下通过调整区间运行时分的节能方法对其影响幅度较小, 具有较强的现实意义; 所提出的模型及算法的计算时间为10 s, 针对列车开行对数较多的高速铁路, 可有效提高求解效率。 相似文献