Application of Lagrangian relaxation approach to α-reliable path finding in stochastic networks with correlated link travel times

This study investigates the important problem of determining a reliable path in a stochastic network with correlated link travel times. First, the distribution of path travel time is quantified by using trip records from GPS probe vehicles. Second, the spatial correlation of link travel time is explicitly considered by using a correlation coefficient matrix, which is incorporated into the α-reliable path problem by Cholesky decomposition. Third, the Lagrangian relaxation based framework is used to handle the α-reliable path problem, by which the intractable problem with a non-linear and non-additive structure can be decomposed into several easy-to-solve problems. Finally, the path-finding performance of this approach is tested on a real-world network. The results show that 15 iterations of calculation can yield a small relative gap between upper and lower bounds of the optimal solution and the average running time is about 5 s for most OD settings. The applicability of α-reliable path finding is validated by a case study.     

带自由面流体运动的拉格朗日有限元分析

介绍了拉格朗日描述下的非定常不可压缩带自由面流体运动的有限元分析.在时间积分中采用速度修正法,采用速度修正分步法不仅可以让速度和压力均采用同阶插值函数,而且可以使算法变得更简单.用四边形单元对所求区域加以划分,并借助于Galerkin加权余量法导出相应的有限元方程组.通过实例计算,阐明了用该方法来分析带自由面流体运动的有效性及其实用性.     

面向实时交通信息提取的车辆轨迹数据挖掘

车辆行驶轨迹是驾驶人员主观意愿和道路客观约束条件综合作用的结果,从海量车辆轨迹中可以挖掘出道路的实时交通信息为智能交通服务．通过建立轨迹约束模型用以量化各约束因子,基于线性参照系统的数据预处理以加快检索速度和降低轨迹的不确定性,基于移动目标主体相似性和移动轨迹时空相似性的数据选取降低了数据库搜索次数提高发掘准确度,分别针对道路交叉口和一般路段进行数据挖掘,提取实时的道路交通信息．研究结果和实验结果表明,这个挖掘算法可以有效地提取道路实时路况信息．     

软土地区盖挖逆作施工地铁换乘站变形性状的数值分析

基于三维快速拉格朗日算法原理,结合华东软土地区某盖挖逆作法施工换乘地铁车站工程实际并考虑基坑的周边环境因素,采用FLAC3D数值模拟软件,对盖挖逆作法地铁结构开挖过程中的变形性状进行了数值分析,得到了基坑开挖各阶段的变形场,为地铁车站的设计和施工提供了较好的控制结构变形量的方案,以确保基坑开挖对周边环境的影响最小,并保证基坑安全施工。     

Lagrangian flow in the California Undercurrent, an observation and model comparison

During the period 1992–1998, 38 isobaric RAFOS floats were deployed to sample the subsurface flow of the California Undercurrent. The deployments, released over the California continental slope west of San Francisco, have sampled robust year-round poleward subsurface flow associated with the Undercurrent most seasons and the combined inshore current and Undercurrent in winter. Two other types of flow have been seen: a region of weak flow with little net displacement just west of the California Undercurrent, and an active westward propagating eddy field. This eddy field appears to be the primary mechanism for moving floats from the Undercurrent into the ocean interior. The observations and statistics from the RAFOS floats are compared with Lagrangian estimates of particles tracked in a global high resolution ocean simulation in order to evaluate the fidelity of the model along an eastern boundary. The results show that the model reproduces the general character of the flow reasonably well, but underestimates both the mean and eddy energies by a substantial amount.     

配送网络流问题探讨

考虑物流配送中的网络流问题,即由某些供应点向各个需求点通过某种运输工具（货车、轮船等）供应货物的问题,目的是尽可能的降低配送成本.通过一个混和整数规划模型来描述该问题,利用网络单纯形法、拉格朗日松弛算法以及试探法为主要研究方法,有效地得到该问题一个近似程度较高的可行解.     

基于 UL 法的 CR 列式三维梁单元计算方法

为了提高大位移、大转动问题的计算效率和精度，提出了基于更新拉格朗日法（UL法）的三维梁单元分析的CR列式算法．这种方法采用更新拉格朗日列式，运用最小势能原理建立结构的平衡方程，并导出梁单元的刚度矩阵．求解过程中，根据CR列式的原理，采用大转动理论计算更新后的单元和节点坐标，通过扣除结构位移中的刚体位移得到结构变形，进而获得单元的准确内力．最后，给出了2个算例，以证明该方法的正确性和精度．     

Controlled installation of spudcan foundations on loose sand overlying weak clay

Offshore jack-up rigs are often used for site exploration and oil well drilling. The footings of jack-up rigs are known as spudcan foundations. The risk of rapid uncontrolled penetration of spudcan in seabed (“punch-through”) exposes jack-ups to significant risk during installation in strong over weak layered seabeds. An example for this is a thin loose sand layer overlying a weaker stratum of clay. To prevent spudcans from “punch-through”, an in-situ measurement concept is suggested in this paper to control the installation process of spudcan foundations. First, three-dimensional finite element studies using a Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian method are carried out to simulate the penetration process. The numerical results have been validated with existing analytical solutions and centrifuge model test data. Furthermore, parametric studies are carried out to quantify the influences of the sand thickness and shear strength of the clay on the bearing capacity of spudcans. Based on the numerical studies an idea for the development of an in-situ measurement concept is suggested to control the spudcan penetration process in-situ.     

Biofuel refinery location and supply chain planning under traffic congestion

This research focuses on planning biofuel refinery locations where the total system cost for refinery investment, feedstock and product transportation and public travel is minimized. Shipment routing of both feedstock and product in the biofuel supply chain and the resulting traffic congestion impact are incorporated into the model to decide optimal locations of biofuel refineries. A Lagrangian relaxation based heuristic algorithm is introduced to obtain near-optimum feasible solutions efficiently. To further improve optimality, a branch-and-bound framework (with linear programming relaxation and Lagrangian relaxation bounding procedures) is developed. Numerical experiments with several testing examples demonstrate that the proposed algorithms solve the problem effectively. An empirical Illinois case study and a series of sensitivity analyses are conducted to show the effects of highway congestion on refinery location design and total system costs.     

Joint inventory-location problem under the risk of probabilistic facility disruptions

This paper studies a reliable joint inventory-location problem that optimizes facility locations, customer allocations, and inventory management decisions when facilities are subject to disruption risks (e.g., due to natural or man-made hazards). When a facility fails, its customers may be reassigned to other operational facilities in order to avoid the high penalty costs associated with losing service. We propose an integer programming model that minimizes the sum of facility construction costs, expected inventory holding costs and expected customer costs under normal and failure scenarios. We develop a Lagrangian relaxation solution framework for this problem, including a polynomial-time exact algorithm for the relaxed nonlinear subproblems. Numerical experiment results show that this proposed model is capable of providing a near-optimum solution within a short computation time. Managerial insights on the optimal facility deployment, inventory control strategies, and the corresponding cost constitutions are drawn.