几类高阶非齐次微分方程解的增长性

研究了一类高阶非齐次微分方程 f ()k + A k -1()z f ()k -1 +  + A0()z f = Q()z ,其中 Aj()z 为有限级整函数,Q()z 为次数小于 n 的多项式,和另一类高阶非齐次微分方程 f ()k + h k -1()z eak -1z f ()k -1 +  + h1()z ea1z f ′+( A1()z ebz + A2()z edz f = Q()z ,其中hj()z ,Ai()z 为级小于1的整函数,Q()z 为次数小于 n 的多项式,在一定条件下,得到了方程解的级的精确估计.)     

Unraveling the relationship between trip chaining and mode choice: evidence from a multi-week travel diary

Abstract

Trip chaining (or tours) and mode choice are two critical factors influencing a variety of patterns of urban travel demand. This paper investigates the hierarchical relationship between these two sets of decisions including the influences of socio-demographic characteristics on them. It uses a 6-week travel diary collected in Thurgau, Switzerland, in 2003. The structural equation modeling technique is applied to identify the hierarchical relationship. Hierarchy and temporal consistency of the relationship is investigated separately for work versus non-work tours. It becomes clear that for work tours in weekdays, trip-chaining and mode choice decisions are simultaneous and remain consistent across the weeks. For non-work tours in weekdays, mode choice decisions precede trip-chaining decisions. However, for non-work tours in weekends, trip-chaining decisions precede mode choice decisions. A number of socioeconomic characteristics also play major roles in influencing the relationships. Results of the investigation challenge the traditional approach of modeling mode choice separately from activity-scheduling decisions.     

A macroscopic taxi model for passenger demand,taxi utilization and level of services

In most urban areas taxi services are subject to various types of regulation such as entry restriction and price control. However, effective intervention depends on generating and using suitable information on the demand-supply equilibrium of the taxi market. This paper develops a simultaneous equation system of passenger demand, taxi utilization and level of services based on a taxi service situation found in the urban area of Hong Kong over the last ten years. A set of variables is introduced including number of licensed taxis, taxi fare, disposable income, occupied taxi journey time as exogenous variables and daily taxi passenger demand, passenger waiting time, taxi availability, taxi utilization and average taxi waiting time as endogenous variables. These variables are coupled together through a system of nonlinear simultaneous equations whose parameters are estimated from survey data. The simultaneous equation system can be used to obtain useful regulatory information to assist with the decisions concerning the restriction over the number of taxi licenses and the fixing of the taxi fare structure as well as a range of service quality control. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

半刚性基层沥青路面横向裂缝的演变规律

为了研究沥青路面横向裂缝的演变规律,依托江苏省高速公路历年的检测数据,选取部分路段进行精细化跟踪观测,考虑了环境和材料等因素的影响,分析了横向裂缝密度随路龄的演变规律,建立了演变模型,进行了预测分析。结果表明,横向裂缝受低温的影响较大;与AK-13或PAC-13相比,上面层材料采用SMA-13时裂缝密度较小;横向裂缝的宏观演变规律呈现出初步发展、稳步发展、快速发展的三阶段特征,可以使用结构行为方程表征;当路面养护及时时,裂缝发展较慢,方程参数β值较小。     

复数向量法的加伍德举升机构运动学分析

根据加伍德举升机构的运动特点,介绍了用复数向量法建立举升机构运动学分析的数学模型,为加伍德举升机构设计的运动学分析,提供了研究理论基础。     

黄土的结构损伤特性研究

含水量不同的Q3黄土的单轴压缩试验研究表明,Q3原状黄土的单轴应力应变关系呈软化型,曲线峰值强度后的指数型应力应变关系可以用含损伤变量的线弹性本构方程描述。而损伤的门槛值σS及初始弹性模量E0则随着含水量的增加呈线性减少。以损伤是对黄土刚度劣化为前提,由试验得到的损伤变量表达式D仅为塑性应变的函数,与含水量的关系不明显,分析认为出现这种情况的原因可能是试验数据较少而引起的,因为含水量和塑性应变有关的损伤演化方程比较符合黄土损伤的实际状况。     

车-桥耦合振动分析的模态综合方法

对车辆与桥梁之间产生的耦合振动进行了全过程分析。首先通过有限元软件对桥梁进行模态分析，在此基础上建立三维车辆模型与桥梁模型组成互动体系的振动时变方程组，然后通过数值逐步积分进行求解。分析方法考虑了桥面平整度、车速等因素。该法不受桥型、跨径等因素的制约，可以模拟多车道和多辆车，有更强的通用性，优化精简了桥梁结构的自由度，提高了计算速度，计算结果准确可靠。     

静电陀螺监控器在静基座上的误差方程及误差分析

初始定向误差和陀螺漂移是静电蛇螺监控器的两个主要误差源。对由此产生的陀螺姿态角误差进行了仿真分析,并在此基础上建立起与之相应的简化误差方程,对简化误差方程进行了复城分析。     

水泥混凝土路面基层顶面当量回弹模量的计算

在94水泥混凝土路面设计规范中,基层顶面当量回弹模量Et是通过查图确定的,2002年的规范对此作了改进,但计算公式有6个,计算过程更复杂烦琐。为此,通过2002年规范提供的Et计算公式,计算了1280+175+960个实例,根据基层的非线性特征,用最小二乘法对计算结果进行回归,得到1个Et非线性回归方程。通过实例计算验证,得到的这个Et非线性回归方程完全能够满足水泥混凝土路面基层顶面当量回弹模量的计算要求。     

多孔混凝土疲劳性能的研究

多孔混凝土作为路面的基层,和面层一起受到车辆荷载和温度的反复作用,结构设计中需考虑其疲劳性能。通过室内小梁弯拉疲劳试验,分析疲劳寿命试验数据的概率分布,得出多孔混凝土疲劳寿命服从双参数威布尔分布,以此建立了不同应力水平和等效应力水平下两种形式的疲劳方程;分析了疲劳寿命变异性的影响因素及减小变异性的相应措施,比较得出其疲劳性能优于半刚性基层材料。利用得出的疲劳方程,建立了以多孔混凝土作为水泥混凝土路面下面层荷载应力计算的疲劳应力系数,以及作为沥青路面基层时,进行层底弯拉应力验算的弯拉强度结构系数,可用于路面结构计算。