三万方级巨型耙吸船在我国的发展前景

跨入世纪之交,随着疏浚技术、社会环境的发展变化,疏浚理念已发生重大变化:疏浚领域的范围大大拓宽,临港工业、人居工程等大型疏浚项目此起彼伏,市场重心也明显移向亚洲。为应对日益激烈的国际市场竞争,国外四大疏浚集团不失时机地造就了一大批大型、超大型高效疏浚装备,国内有识之士呼吁:自主研制超大型耙吸挖泥船刻不容缓。     

京张高铁大直径泥水盾构施工泥浆环保处理措施研究

在城市建筑物密集区,采用泥水盾构进行隧道施工往往面临泥浆无处排放的难题。以新建京张高铁清华园隧道为背景,通过对地质状况的分析和研究,采用了泥浆环保综合处理的方法:(1)以泥水分离设备为核心,对泥浆进行总体处理;(2)处理后合格的泥浆通过制、调浆系统的补充和调整进行再利用;(3)处理后不合格的弃浆则通过压滤设备、离心设备和化学药品进行环保处理;(4)对泥浆处理设备进行噪声控制。研究表明,通过上述措施,实现了废弃泥浆的无污染处理,使盾构施工对于环境的影响降低到最小程度。     

An Intelligent Master Model of Computer Aided Process Planning for Large Complicated Stampings

Process planning for large complicated stampings is more complicated, illegible and multiform than that for common stampings. In this paper, an intelligent master model of computer aided process planning （CAPP） for large complicated stampings has been developed based on knowledge based engineering （KBE） and feature technology. This innovative model consists of knowledge base （KB）, process control structure （PCS）, process information model （PIM）, multidisciplinary design optimization （MDO）, model link environment （MLE） and simulation engine （SE）, to realize process planning, optimization, simulation and management integrated to complete intelligent CAPP system. In this model, KBE provides knowledge base, open architecture and knowledge reuse ability to deal with the multi-domain and multi-expression of process knowledge, and forms an integrated environment. With PIM, all the knowledge consisting of objects, constraints, cxtmricncc and decision-makings is carried by object-oriented method dynamically for knowledge-reasoning. PCS makes dynamical knowledge modified and updated timely and accordingly. MLE provides scv. cral methods to make CAPP sysmm associated and integrated. SE provides a programmable mechanism to interpret simulation course and result. Meanwhile, collaborative optimization, one method of MDO, is imported to deal with the optimization distributed for multiple purposes. All these make CAPP sysmm integrated and open to other systems, such as dic design and manufacturing system.     

基于通信方式实现的超大规模站场联锁系统解决方案

为满足超大规模站场联锁系统控制,提出了分由2套计算机联锁系统控制一个车站的方案,2套计算机联锁系统之间通过通信的方式传递2套联锁系统分割处的联锁逻辑条件。从系统结构以及需要修改的通信软件方面,分析了怎样安全传输分割控制处的联锁逻辑条件,经工程实践证明是一个十分可靠的超大规模站场计算机联锁系统解决方案。     

地铁隧道下穿淤泥地层工法比选及技术探讨

以广州地铁4号线南延段地铁隧道下穿深厚淤泥层为背景,从方案论证、管片特殊设计以及软基加固等几个方面进行比选和优化,解决淤泥地层盾构隧道偏心受压和工后隧道沉降量大的问题。得出如下结论:淤泥层区间设计应优先选用盾构法,在淤泥层深厚区域结合周边环境及车站选型选用大盾构可降低总成本,减少后期地铁保护难度;在欠固结、存在滑移趋势的淤泥层中应特别重视偏心受压对盾构管片的影响,可通过增加管片配筋提高抗弯、抗裂性能,通过增设变形缝提高结构柔度等措施提高管片受力状况及耐久性。     

Numerical investigation of turbulence near a sheared air–water interface. Part 1: Turbulence statistics beneath a flat water surface sheared by wind

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) and large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent shear flow beneath a flat water surface with imposed wind shear stress are presented. The results of DNS indicate that there are clear differences, and also similarities, between wind-driven flow and the flow near a solid wall. The qualitative structures of turbulence are similar in both types of flow. Low-speed streaks are also present in wind-driven flow. On the other hand, profiles of the mean velocity and turbulence intensities in wind-driven flow are significantly different from those in flow near a solid wall. The differences are attributed to the lack of a viscous sublayer, and to the boundary condition which allows fluctuations of the tangential velocity components at the boundary. LES of the same flow was also carried out to evaluate subgrid-scale models. It was shown that the features of the flow observed in DNS are well simulated by all models tested, and that the discrepancies between DNS and LES with the dynamic mixed model are very small. Received: August 17, 2000 / Accepted: December 22, 2000     

既有隧道间新建小净距大断面四车道隧道动态施工监测技术

目前小净距四车道公路隧道的设计和施工经验相对不足,因而监控量测工作显得尤为重要.文章依托工程的监控量测成果,阐述了动态监测在工程实践中的重要应用价值;针对隧道施工特点进行了方案设计及优化;对边坡沉降、拱顶下沉等典型数据进行了分析,很好地反馈施工;通过对监测数据的统计分析,提出了小净距、大跨径四车道隧道围岩变形的建议预警值:监测工作为项目顺利、安全地进行提供了保证.项目实施经验及研究成果可为类似条件下工程的设计、施工和监测提供借鉴.     

隧道大变形施工处治技术

利用国内外已有成果,结合某隧道实体工程,研究分析了软弱围岩隧道大变形施工处治技术,归纳出了其围岩大变形的破坏特征,分析了其大变形产生的原因,提出了合理的施工方法和处治措施,可供软弱围岩隧道施工参考.     

浅埋暗挖平顶多跨地下商场施工技术

深圳中信地下商场位于城市繁华地段,地面交通繁忙、地下管线密布,工程地质、水文地质条件复杂,因此采用了以浅埋暗挖和洞内加固为主的施工技术.文章重点介绍了超大管棚预加固技术、开挖方法的研究及优化、二次衬砌的体系转换及监控量测,对其他城市地下空间的开发具有一定的借鉴价值.     

国内外中小型耙吸挖泥船动力配置综述

通过实船比较,展现了国外中小型耙吸船在动力配置方面的最新成果,指出了国产中小型耙吸船动力配置上的弊端,在分析原因的同时提出了改进意见。