公路施工招投标存在的问题及相应对策

在由计划经济向市场经济转轨过程中,由于指导思想及具体操作的偏差,公路施工招投标存在着一些问题,为保证工程建设市场的健康有序发展,必须加大管理力度和约束机制,规范工程招投标行为。     

铁路工程施工招标综合评估法投标报价分析

铁路工程施工招投标主要采用综合评估法,对投标文件进行综合评审答分,并将得分由高到低排列推荐中标候选人。此文在介绍综合评估法和投标报价评分规则的基础上,为便于对投标报价进行分析,假设各投标人均为"理性经济人",且目标一致,采用以各投标人的报价平均值作为各投标人的报价,求解满分区间不等式,得出报价范围,再计算各投标人综合得分。该方法经实例计算验证,较其他评标方法简便、精确,且通用性强,可为以后施工招标进行投标报价分析提供借鉴。     

W-SPSA in practice: Approximation of weight matrices and calibration of traffic simulation models

The development and calibration of complex traffic models demands parsimonious techniques, because such models often involve hundreds of thousands of unknown parameters. The Weighted Simultaneous Perturbation Stochastic Approximation (W-SPSA) algorithm has been proven more efficient than its predecessor SPSA (Spall, 1998), particularly in situations where the correlation structure of the variables is not homogeneous. This is crucial in traffic simulation models where effectively some variables (e.g. readings from certain sensors) are strongly correlated, both in time and space, with some other variables (e.g. certain OD flows). In situations with reasonably sized traffic networks, the difference is relevant considering computational constraints. However, W-SPSA relies on determining a proper weight matrix (W) that represents those correlations, and such a process has been so far an open problem, and only heuristic approaches to obtain it have been considered.This paper presents W-SPSA in a formally comprehensive way, where effectively SPSA becomes an instance of W-SPSA, and explores alternative approaches for determining the matrix W. We demonstrate that, relying on a few simplifications that marginally affect the final solution, we can obtain W matrices that considerably outperform SPSA. We analyse the performance of our proposed algorithm in two applications in motorway networks in Singapore and Portugal, using a dynamic traffic assignment model and a microscopic traffic simulator, respectively.     

桩-土作用在大型旅客站房基础设计中的应用

当大型旅客站房基础与地下出站通道重叠时,由于地下出站通道刚度大、结构超长,且属半露天地下结构,对温度作用变化明显,利用传统的刚性固结模型对站房基础进行设计时较难得到合理的结果或造成巨大的浪费。论述桩-土作用机理的复杂性,并对桩-土作用力学模型进行分析。通过分布弹簧模型对旅客站房在温度作用下的结构内力进行分析,并与刚性固结模型计算结果进行对比,得出旅客站房基础设计考虑桩-土作用的合理化计算模式。     

User perspectives in public transport timetable optimisation

The present paper deals with timetable optimisation from the perspective of minimising the waiting time experienced by passengers when transferring either to or from a bus. Due to its inherent complexity, this bi-level minimisation problem is extremely difficult to solve mathematically, since timetable optimisation is a non-linear non-convex mixed integer problem, with passenger flows defined by the route choice model, whereas the route choice model is a non-linear non-continuous mapping of the timetable. Therefore, a heuristic solution approach is developed in this paper, based on the idea of varying and optimising the offset of the bus lines. Varying the offset for a bus line impacts the waiting time passengers experience at any transfer stop on the bus line.In the bi-level timetable optimisation problem, the lower level is a transit assignment calculation yielding passengers’ route choice. This is used as weight when minimising waiting time by applying a Tabu Search algorithm to adapt the offset values for bus lines. The updated timetable then serves as input in the following transit assignment calculation. The process continues until convergence.The heuristic solution approach was applied on the large-scale public transport network in Denmark. The timetable optimisation approach yielded a yearly reduction in weighted waiting time equivalent to approximately 45 million Danish kroner (9 million USD).     

招标代理全过程控制研究

《中华人民共和国招标投标法》的实施，使招投标工作进一步规范和加强，这就要求招标代理机构必须重视代理过程中的每一个环节，以良好的信誉和品质占有市场。笔者根据从事招标代理工作的经验和体会，提出招标代理全过程控制的重点和提高代理质量的措施。     

工程量清单计价模式的应用

回顾工程量清单计价方法在铁路通信工程中的发展,对工程量清单计价模式下铁路通信工程投标报价的编制方法进行详细阐述,并对清单计价方法应用过程中出现的问题进行分析和总结。     

西宝高速铁路大型临时工程设计回顾

西宝高速铁路是原铁道部要求加强大型临时工程设计之后的第一批高速铁路设计项目之一,在西宝高速铁路工程特点和大临工程设计要求的基础上,对西宝高速铁路大临工程设计进行回顾,对主要大临工程的设置原则和布置形式进行分析,采用设计方案与现场实际实施方案对照的方法,分析西宝高速铁路大临工程设计得失,总结分析高速铁路大型临时工程设计的一般布置原则和布置方案,以期为类似工程总结设计经验。     

沿海航标夹持船

沿海航标夹持船是为解决多年来航标工人传统的不安全的跳越登标作业方式而研制的一种新型沿海航标维护船，该船在艏部设液压航标夹持装置，进行航标作业时可通过夹持装置将船与浮标连成一体，航标工人可在6级风、1.5米浪高的海况下平稳登标作业。由此，极大改善了航标工人的劳动条件、提高了工作效率。     

浅析系船浮筒锚链的静力计算问题

采用静力计算方法对浮筒系泊系统的悬链进行研究,针对单锚链和多锚链系统进行受力分析,提出适用于单锚链和多锚链的简化计算公式,并根据实际工程案例进行简化计算公式的验证,可为类似工程的受力分析和计算提供参考。