Reliability-based design of subsea light weight pipeline against lateral stability

The application of non-metallic light weight pipeline (LWP) in subsea oil/gas transmission system is subject to subsea pipeline on-bottom stability problem because of their light weight. Additional weight required for the stabilization of subsea LWP is a critical item to consider when decreasing the cost of the pipeline system. This paper presents an effective approach to determine the additional weight by utilizing a reliability-based assessment of subsea LWP against on-bottom stability. In the approach, a dynamic non-linear finite element model (FEM), including a model of fluids-pipe-soil interaction for the subsea pipeline, is used to study the pipeline displacement response. In-place analysis of a flexible pipe is presented as an example of the authors' methodology. Results show that displacements are largely affected with and without considering the lift force. Additionally, the uncertainties of all parameters used in the model are considered. With 145 cases of FEM calculations being the samples, a response surface model (RSM) is developed to predict the pipeline lateral displacement using the software Design-Expert. Combing with the RSM equation, the Monte Carlo simulation method is employed to estimate the probability of exceeding pipeline stability. To calculate the reliability of LWP for different submerged weights, the method introduces a calibrated factor into the serviceability limit state (SLS) function. The proposed approach can be used to determine the additional weight required for the on-bottom stability of subsea pipelines while considering the uncertainties of all relevant parameters.     

铁路特长隧道横向贯通误差允许值的确定

针对20 km及以上特长隧道横向贯通误差问题,在传统隧道贯通误差预计方法的基础上,研究并提出适合特长隧道横向贯通误差预计的新方法。研究特长隧道的贯通精度预计数学模型和模拟计算方法,编制数据处理软件并对特长隧道洞外、洞内控制测量误差所引起的隧道贯通误差进行计算,通过计算,建议性地提出20 km及以上特长隧道横向贯通误差允许值。     

改进的有限时间最优预瞄横向控制器设计

提出了有限时间最优预瞄横向控制算法,根据高速公路车道保持系统实际控制要求,使用了同时考虑车辆当前偏差、预瞄点偏差和控制变量的有限时间二次型性能指标函数。运用最优跟踪算法并进行预瞄距离内曲率恒定的假设,使得控制器参数可以离线求解,保证了车辆控制的实时性。通过仿真及实车试验验证,该控制算法具有较好的跟踪效果。     

特长隧道洞外GPS平面控制测量数据处理模式与方法研究

隧道洞外GPS控制网作为洞内控制测量和后续施工放样的起算基准,其数据处理模式与方法在确保隧道工程质量上至关重要。针对特长隧道洞外GPS平面控制测量数据处理环节所存在的一些问题,对特长隧道洞外GPS平面控制测量数据处理模式与方法进行研究,在此基础上对基线解算软件选择、基线解算和网平差处置策略、投影变形控制方法、一点一方向建立隧道坐标系、横向贯通误差计算以及框架基准统一与转换等方面提出一些原则和方法,总结归纳并形成一套完整的长大隧道洞外GPS平面控制测量数据处理体系,不仅提高了基线解算与网平差的可靠性和精度,也解决了隧道洞外GPS控制网框架基准的统一问题,该研究可为类似大型线状工程的GPS控制测量数据处理提供借鉴。     

Imperfection study on lateral thermal buckling of subsea pipeline triggered by a distributed buoyancy section

Controlled lateral buckling is triggered by distributed buoyancy section at predesigned sites to release the axial force induced by high temperature and high pressure in subsea pipelines. Due to the larger diameter and smaller submerged weight of distributed buoyancy section, compared to the normal pipe section, imperfections are more easily introduced at the location of distributed buoyancy section. In this study, an analytical model is proposed to simulate lateral buckling triggered by a distributed buoyancy section for an imperfect subsea pipeline, which is validated by test data. Semi-analytical solutions are derived. First, snap-through buckling behaviour is discussed. Then the influence of initial imperfections on buckled configurations, post-buckling behaviour, displacement amplitude and maximum stress is discussed in detail. The results show that there is no snap-through phenomenon for large amplitude of initial imperfections, which appears only when the amplitude of imperfection is small enough. The displacement amplitude increases with the amplitude of initial imperfections, and it first increases and then decreases with wavelength of initial imperfection. Compared to a perfect pipeline, the maximum stress amplifies for relative small wavelength of initial imperfections. Therefore, a large enough wavelength of initial imperfection should be introduced.     

郑万铁路上跨郑西客专联络线特大桥主桥转体结构分析

郑万铁路上跨郑西客专联络线特大桥为主跨138 m独塔斜拉桥,该桥位于半径1 400 m曲线上,采用国内最大横向偏心球铰(偏心距0.847 m),其可靠性与稳定性对保证施工安全至关重要。基于空间有限元软件Midas FEA分析转体结构在施工过程中的局部应力分布,并研究预应力筋对转体结构力学性能的影响。结果表明:(1)转体结构整体处于较低的应力状态,局部存在应力集中,可通过构造措施保证其力学性能;(2)预应力筋的配置可大幅减小由于局部承压而产生的拉应力,确保转体施工中上下转盘的结构安全;(3)通过设置预偏心,实现了转体施工在大跨度小曲线斜拉桥上的成功运用,降低了桥面配重和转体重力。上述研究成果可为同类型桥梁转体施工提供重要借鉴。     

Nonlinear analysis of short concrete-filled double skin tube columns subjected to axial compressive forces

Proper material constitutive models for concrete-filled double skin tube (CFDST) columns with circular cross-section and subjected to axial compressive forces are proposed and verified against experiment data using the nonlinear finite element program Abaqus. It is shown that CFDST columns can provide a good confining effect for concrete core, especially when the diameter-to-thickness ratios of both the outer and the inner tubes are small. In addition, empirical equations are proposed to predict the lateral confining pressure of the concrete core for CFDST columns. Finally, the axial strengths of the CFDST columns calculated by the proposed formulations are compared with AISC formulations against the experimental data. It has been shown that the proposed formulations are better than the AISC formulations.     

Finite element study on circular armour wire lateral buckling in umbilicals

The present paper addresses the circular armour wire lateral buckling in umbilicals. An asymmetric non-linear finite element model is developed to analyze a single armour wire subjected to combined constant axial compression and uniform cyclic curvatures. A parametric case study is performed for an armour wire from a nine-hose umbilical cable, where the armour wire pitch number, applied axial compressive load and minimum and maximum curvatures in the applied cyclic bending are varied. The armour wire end shortenings, transverse sliding in cyclic bending, the buckling shapes and equilibrium paths after numerous bending cycles, the critical buckling loads, the stress states at the onset of lateral buckling, and the required number of bending cycles that triggers lateral buckling are obtained and extensively discussed. The critical buckling loads given by the FE model have been compared with an existing analytical formulation, indicating that the analytical model is reliable for small cyclic curvatures. Moreover, an empirical model is proposed for the required number of bending cycles to trigger the lateral buckling and good correlation with the FE results has been observed.     

汽车侧向振动模拟研究

本文论述了一般汽车振动模型在分析汽车侧向振动时存的问题，通过引入悬架导向作用，轮胎侧偏效应及有效路形概念，建立了１５自由度整车振动模型，模拟计算结果与试验数据的比较了所提出的汽车侧向振动模拟方法的有效性。     

基于横向预瞄偏差的驾驶员前视轨迹控制模型

文章给出了横向预瞄偏差的概念，提出了一种基于横向预瞄偏差的驾驶员前视轨迹控制模型。通过计算机仿真，验证了该控制模型的正确性。该模型与现行的预瞄驾驶员模型相比，具有理解容易，分析计算简单，实用性强的优点。