Imperfection study on lateral thermal buckling of subsea pipeline triggered by a distributed buoyancy section

Controlled lateral buckling is triggered by distributed buoyancy section at predesigned sites to release the axial force induced by high temperature and high pressure in subsea pipelines. Due to the larger diameter and smaller submerged weight of distributed buoyancy section, compared to the normal pipe section, imperfections are more easily introduced at the location of distributed buoyancy section. In this study, an analytical model is proposed to simulate lateral buckling triggered by a distributed buoyancy section for an imperfect subsea pipeline, which is validated by test data. Semi-analytical solutions are derived. First, snap-through buckling behaviour is discussed. Then the influence of initial imperfections on buckled configurations, post-buckling behaviour, displacement amplitude and maximum stress is discussed in detail. The results show that there is no snap-through phenomenon for large amplitude of initial imperfections, which appears only when the amplitude of imperfection is small enough. The displacement amplitude increases with the amplitude of initial imperfections, and it first increases and then decreases with wavelength of initial imperfection. Compared to a perfect pipeline, the maximum stress amplifies for relative small wavelength of initial imperfections. Therefore, a large enough wavelength of initial imperfection should be introduced.     

Reliability-based design of subsea light weight pipeline against lateral stability

The application of non-metallic light weight pipeline (LWP) in subsea oil/gas transmission system is subject to subsea pipeline on-bottom stability problem because of their light weight. Additional weight required for the stabilization of subsea LWP is a critical item to consider when decreasing the cost of the pipeline system. This paper presents an effective approach to determine the additional weight by utilizing a reliability-based assessment of subsea LWP against on-bottom stability. In the approach, a dynamic non-linear finite element model (FEM), including a model of fluids-pipe-soil interaction for the subsea pipeline, is used to study the pipeline displacement response. In-place analysis of a flexible pipe is presented as an example of the authors' methodology. Results show that displacements are largely affected with and without considering the lift force. Additionally, the uncertainties of all parameters used in the model are considered. With 145 cases of FEM calculations being the samples, a response surface model (RSM) is developed to predict the pipeline lateral displacement using the software Design-Expert. Combing with the RSM equation, the Monte Carlo simulation method is employed to estimate the probability of exceeding pipeline stability. To calculate the reliability of LWP for different submerged weights, the method introduces a calibrated factor into the serviceability limit state (SLS) function. The proposed approach can be used to determine the additional weight required for the on-bottom stability of subsea pipelines while considering the uncertainties of all relevant parameters.     

基于横向预瞄偏差的驾驶员前视轨迹控制模型

文章给出了横向预瞄偏差的概念，提出了一种基于横向预瞄偏差的驾驶员前视轨迹控制模型。通过计算机仿真，验证了该控制模型的正确性。该模型与现行的预瞄驾驶员模型相比，具有理解容易，分析计算简单，实用性强的优点。     

ABS性能评价方法的研究

在分析原有ＡＢＳ评价方法的基础上,针对附着系数利用率这个评价指标存在的不足,比较完全地考虑了制动过程中侧向与纵向的附着情况,提出了一种侧重于侧向稳定性的评价方法。对于评价的指标,便于用仿真计算验证其正确性,从而达到在设计阶段就可对ＡＢＳ性能进行分析评价,缩短了ＡＢＳ的开发周期。     

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW TYPE OF HAZARDLESS FLUXES USED IN THE MELTING OF Mg-ALLOYS

lIntroductionMagnesium,oneofthelighteststructurematerials,hasbeenwidelyappliedinaviation,machineryandautomobilemanufacturing.Withstrongaffinitytooxygenandporosityofitsoxidefilm,magnesiumisapttoreactwithoxy-gen.Thus,duringthemeltofmagnesiumalloys,specialfluxeshavetobeusedtocoverthemelttokeepitfromfurtheroxidizationorevencom-bustionathightemperature,andtorefineandtodegasitandtoremovethedrossfromthemelt[1j.Thewidelyusedfluxesaremainlycomposedofwaterlesscarnallite(MgCl,-KCl)andsomefluoridesandch…     

制动—驱动工况下的轮胎侧偏特性理论研究

本文通过考虑制动和驱动工况下的轮胎印迹内垂直载荷分布的不同，建立了比以往模型更完善的制动－驱动工况下的轮胎侧偏特性理论模型，以６．５０Ｒ１６轮胎为例，分析了滑移率，侧偏角和垂直载荷分布形状参数等对其侧特性的影响。     

防治边坡失稳采用钻孔嵌岩灌注桩的配筋计算新方法

从计算及实践上探讨了在防治开挖边坡失稳问题时,采用圆形钻孔嵌岩灌注桩的截面进行配筋计算,将它转换为矩形,并将求得的受拉钢筋集中在受拉区,而不是如<混凝土结构设计规范(GBj50010-2002)>规定那样沿圆周均匀分布,这种新计算方法不仅简便和合理,而且也经济和安全.     

周转斜盘发动机轴系横向振动计算与分析

文章利用模态综合技术分析周转斜盘发动机轴系横向振动,并根据周围斜盘发动机轴系的结构特点建立横振计算模型,将其复杂结构划分为具有简单形式的子轴,对各子轴用有限法进行分析,选取各子轴的低价模态加以综合。计算证明模态综合技术对具有复杂结构周转斜盘发动机轴系模振分析具有物理概念明确,节省计算时间,减少计算机内存等优点。     

汽车横向静侧翻稳定性的仿真评估

汽车的横向静侧翻稳定性是其主动安全性的一个重要方面,是强检内容之一。但由于目前采用的算法与实际情况严重不符,计算值偏大,误导设计者,结果样车往往达不到标准要求,导致设计修改和试制返工,造成严重损失。基于此,本文提出一种与实际情况非常接近的仿真评估法,以期解决这个行业中的普遍问题。