热循环对Fe—23Mn和Fe—28Mn—4Si合金马氏体相变和组织结构的影响

Ｆｅ－２３Ｍｎ合金和Ｆｅ－２８Ｍｎ－４Ｓｉ合金的马氏体相变在热循环中行为截然相反，Ｆｅ－２３Ｍｎ合金奥氏体经热循环后产生稳定化，随着热循环次数增加，ε马氏体数量减少直至消失，得到单相奥氏体组织，但质变循环稳定化的奥氏体在室温时效过程中发生等温γ→ε相变，Ｆｅ－２８Ｍｎ－４Ｓｉ合金奥氏体经热循环不产生稳定化。ε马氏体数量不是减少，而是明显增多，Ｆｅ－２８Ｍｎ－４Ｓｉ合金γ→ε相变具有组织遗传特征，而     

Modelling the potential for cycling in access trips to bus,train and metro in Rio de Janeiro

Most studies that address the integration of cycling and public transport (PT) focus on developed countries and deal with multi-modal bicycle-train trips. Little is known about the integration of cycling and other main modes such as bus and metro, especially in developing countries, where entirely different socio-economic and trip making conditions prevail. The aim of this study is to model the propensity of current PT users to shift to the bicycle in access trips to bus stops, train and metro stations in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Interviews were conducted to collect data on the socio-economic characteristics of the interviewee, trip and spatial characteristics and self-reported barriers and motivators for bicycle use. Two binary logit models were estimated to predict the main factors affecting the propensity to use a bicycle as feeder mode to PT. The results show that socio-economic characteristics as well as barriers and motivators are important factors to explain propensity for bike and ride. The barriers’ model reveals that personal constraints, living too close to the PT boarding point, current parking conditions and public safety play a role. For the motivators’ model, changing home location, owning a bicycle, implementation of cycle ways and improvement in parking conditions are explanatory. Policy recommendations are formulated to increase bicycle ownership and improve cycling infrastructure.     

基于PDCA循环的水运工程施工安全管理研究

在水运工程施工中,遵循PDCA循环理论开展施工安全管理工作,对全面提升安全管理水平、降低施工安全事故发生率很有帮助。通过总结多年施工管理经验,提出在制定施工安全计划阶段,应以辨识作业场所危险源、构建安全管理体系、明确安全管理目标、细化专项施工方案和安全技术保证措施等为主,强调建立以人为本的安全管理体系和加强应急演练工作的重要性。     

Bicycle parking: a systematic review of scientific literature on parking behaviour,parking preferences,and their influence on cycling and travel behaviour

ABSTRACT

Cycling is experiencing a revival in many cities. Research has focused on the determinants of cycling – in particular the role of the built environment and road infrastructure. Bicycle parking has received little attention – even though bicycles are parked most of the time. This article reviews the scientific literature on bicycle parking and identifies existing gaps in research and knowledge. The review analyses 94 peer-reviewed papers identified through a search in Scopus and Web of Science, in December 2017. The annual number of papers increased 15-fold between 1995 and 2017. Overall, the level of evidence on the importance of bicycle parking is limited. The majority of studies are based on cross-sectional data with the presence of parking as a binary independent variable. Most studies focus on bicycle parking at public transport stops and at work places. Few studies report on bicycle parking throughout cities, and hardly any on parking at residential locations. Bicycle parking supply and quality appears to be a determinant of cycling for current and potential cyclists. Our findings can serve as input for an evidence-based debate on the role of bicycle parking. For practitioners, our research supports investment in bicycle parking, but acknowledges that a proper evaluation of such initiatives needs to be conducted to increase the level of evidence.     

Promoting Cycling for Transport: Research Needs and Challenges

Abstract

Near future travel-time information is one of the most critical factors that travellers consider before making trip decisions. In efforts to provide more reliable future travel-time estimations, transportation engineers have examined various techniques developed in the last three decades. However, there have not been sufficiently systematic and through reviews so far. In order to effectively support various transportation strategies and applications including Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), it is necessary to apply appropriate forecasting methods for matching circumstances in a timely manner. This paper conducts a comprehensive review study focusing on literatures, including modern techniques proposed recently, related to travel time and traffic condition predictions that are based on ‘data-driven' approaches. Based on the underlying mechanisms and theoretical principles, different approaches are categorized as parametric (linear regression and time series) and non-parametric approaches (artificial intelligence and pattern searching). Then, the approaches are analysed for their strengths, potential weaknesses, and performances from five main perspectives that are prediction range, accuracy, efficiency, applicability, and robustness.     

季冻区路基土回弹模量影响因素分析

通过对黑龙江省内3条试验路段进行路基含水率调查,并选取黏性土、粉质土和砂性土3种有代表性的路基土,采用承载板法对所选土样进行室内回弹模量试验,分析其和含水率、压实度及冻融循环次数之间的关系.结果表明:3条试验路段路基平均含水率均大于最佳含水率;3种土样的回弹模量对含水率变化的敏感性非常大,都随含水率的升高而降低;土样回弹模量随压实度的降低而降低;冻融作用对土样回弹模量有衰减作用,但6次冻融之后,回弹模量值趋于稳定;3种变量对砂性土回弹模量的影响较黏性土和粉性土小.基于以上结论,建议对在用道路的排水设施及时进行检测及养护;在季冻区路面结构设计时,建议选取6次冻融之后的回弹模量作为路基强度设计值.     

基于MRP的中小型电子制造企业物料需求优化控制研究

物料需求计划是关系企业产供销是否脱节的重要环节,对于电子制造企业而言,正常的生产与物料供给息息相关,物料需求计划的制定、调整与优化是企业正常运营的依据。研究基于MRP(物料需求计划)的企业生产性物资的管理控制与优化,通过运用BOM(物料清单)、前置期(Lead Time)、VMI(供应商管理库存)开展库存控制与优化,实现对生产性物资的优化管理,提高物资供应的准确性、高效性,并使企业成本持续降低。     

An ionic liquid supported CeO2 nanoparticles-carbon nanotubes composite-enhanced electrochemical DNA-based sensor for the detection of Pb2＋

An electrochemical sensor incorporating a signal enhancement for the determination of lead （II） ions （Pb2＋） was designed on the basis of the thrombin-binding aptamer （TBA） as a molecular recog- nition ...     

基于骑行感受的自行车出行品质评价应用研究

骑车者对出行环境的真实感受是评价自行车出行品质的根本依据。选择上海市中心城区32条典型自行车路段进行调研,获取这些路段的物理设施特征与交通流运行特征,通过视频拍摄得到40个视频片段,邀请126名志愿者对视频中呈现的自行车出行品质进行评分。基于此构建基于出行感受的自行车出行品质评价模型,并给出出行品质分级标准。以上海市中心区干路为例进行自行车出行品质评价,仅32%的干路评级为中等和良好,进而识别关键影响因素和改善措施。最后,选择上海市一条自行车路段进行出行品质改善示范,验证了出行品质评价模型和分级标准的适用性。     

半刚性基层材料冻融循环强度变化分析

半刚性基层材料的冰冻稳定性直接关系到整个路面的强度、使用质量和使用寿命,特别是在冰冻地区,基层材料的冰冻稳定性差会导致基层强度的明显下降,引起路面的整体破坏。结合几种常用半刚性基层材料的室内冻融循环实验结果,对半刚性基层材料的强度变化做出定量分析,以求为此类材料的使用做有益的指导。